Top 10k strings from Chess Tutor 1 (1983)(Sinclair Research).tap in <root> / bin / z80 / software / Sinclair Spectrum Collection TOSEC.exe / Sinclair ZX Spectrum - Utilities & Educational / Sinclair ZX Spectrum - Utilities & Educational - [TAP] (TOSEC-v2007-01-01) /

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   7 r$="Checkmate":
   6 c$="000c":
   4 x$="black":
   4 t$="What squares can the Black king move to?":
   4 r$="Perpetual ch.":
   4 e;"Correct";
   4 d;"       ":
   4 d,q;"The rules are:":
   4 a$="pa3c4d4e2f5h2zpa7b6c5d6e7f6":
   3 x$="white"
   3 t,q;"Check         ":
   3 t$="White to play.":
   3 t$="Can White castle Kingside?":
   3 t$="Can Black castle Queenside?":
   3 t$="Can Black castle Kingside?":
   3 r$(zi)=x$:
   3 p);"-";a$(r
   3 a$="0"+v$(p
   2 zd,q;"enter ";:
   2 zd,q;"Enter a number":
   2 x$="white":
   2 x$="h5f7":
   2 x$="b5c7":
   2 x$="2se5e6":
   2 u*index+p)
   2 t$="With what moves can Black give check?":
   2 t$="What squares can the White king move to?":
   2 t$="What is the attacking move?":
   2 t$="What is White's best move?":
   2 t$="Do you want to see my solution?":
   2 t$="Correct. "+i$:
   2 t$="Can White castle Queenside?":
   2 t$="Black to play. What is his next move?":
   2 t$="Black to move. Is he in stalemate?":
   2 r$="Pawn captured":
   2 r$="Gains a knight":
   2 r$="Check":
   2 r$="Black wins":
   2 r$="A knight moves two squares along and one square sideways.":
   2 q,p;"CHARACTERISTICS OF CHECKMATE":
   2 f$="h7g8":
   2 f$="f7e8":
   2 f$="d3g6":
   2 f$="c4g8":
   2 f$="a8c8":
   2 e;"Wrong.";
   2 e;"Not correct";
   2 c$="041pqb8":
   2 c$="020c":
   2 c$="011c":
   2 c$="000pqa1":
   2 c$="000m":
   2 c$(cc+r)="p"
   2 a$=x$((u-o)*index+r
   2 a$=s$(o,b2-o
   2 a$="pd4zpc5":
   2 a$="pc4zpb5":
   2 a$="pb4nc5zpb5":
   2 a$="kg1rb1id3zkg5rf6if5":
   2 a$="g7g8":
   2 a$="f4e5":
   2 a$="e8g8":
   2 a$="e5f7":
   2 a$="c1c2c3c4c5c6c7c8":
   2 a$="b1c3":
   2 a$="a8b8":
   2 a$="9105e6e5":
   2 a$="0005e7e5":
   2 a$="0"+r$:
   1 zp,zp;"BY COMPUTER":
   1 zp,q;"What exercise number do you     want to start with? ( 1 to ";ed;")":
   1 zp,q;"The King is a short-range piece,as it can only move one square  at a time (except when          castling)."
   1 zp,q;"He can switch quickly from      attack to defence, or change thedirection of an attack."
   1 zp,q;"Do you want to stay in this     section?":
   1 zp,q;"Do you want to see the          introduction again?";y$;y$:
   1 zp,q;"Are you restarting in this      section from an earlier session?":
   1 zp,q;" 2. It is not possible to           'uncastle' pieces back to       their original positions."
   1 zp,q;" 2. He can move in any direction    to an adjoining square, as      long as that square is not      attacked by any enemy piece."
   1 zn)="knight":
   1 zn)="bishop":
   1 zn)=" rook ":
   1 zl,q;y$;y$:
   1 zl,q;"Press any key to continue":
   1 zk,q;y$;y$;"    ":
   1 zk,q;"Wrong. Try again.";y$:
   1 zk,q;"Next try      ":
   1 zh,q;"Which Part do you want?":
   1 zh,q;"Moves found :";:
   1 zh,q;"If you want to exit from this   Part of the Course Enter 0. You will have to Load further coursematerial if you want a new Part.":
   1 zh,q;"Do you want the next exercise inthis section?":
   1 zh,q;"Do you want an exercise from    this section?":
   1 zh,q;" 4. On most computers you need      only enter the first move -     the computer does the rest."
   1 zh,q;"  3. It cannot jump over any         other pawn or piece.":
   1 ze,q;"to continue   ":
   1 ze,q;"Type x to exit":
   1 ze,q;"Too long      ":
   1 ze,q;"Since it's movements are so     restricted, it takes time to    move the King away from danger.":
   1 ze,q;"She is generally valued at eightpawns. Make sure you don't allowher to be captured by a piece oflesser value."
   1 ze,q;"Illegal answer":
   1 ze,q;"(z to correct)"
   1 ze,q;"(x for answer)":
   1 ze,q;"(type b or w)":
   1 ze,q;" 3. To protect the king, a man      must move between the king      and the opponent giving         check. This is known as         'interposing a man.'"
   1 zd,q;"black or white":
   1 zd,q;"Type y for yes":
   1 zd,q;"Press any key ":
   1 zd,q;"A pawn is usually promoted to   queen, because of the queen's   power. You do not HAVE to do    this, however; you can promote  to a knight, for example.":
   1 zd,q;" 3. It is not possible to castle    if the King has already         moved, or if the Rook has       already moved."
   1 zd,q;"  2. On it's first move, it can      move either one or two          squares forward."
   1 zc,q;"It can switch quickly from      attack to defence, or change thedirection of an attack.":
   1 zc,q;" 3. To record the Castle move,      the symbols 'o-o' (for          Kingside) and 'o-o-o' (for      Queenside) are used."
   1 zc,e;"Introductory Course":
   1 zc*v)=y$(o
   1 zb,q;"When giving check it is usual tosay 'Check'. The rules of Chess do not state that you have to doso, however."
   1 zb,q;" 6. The King cannot Castle into     Check, or through Check."
   1 za,q;" 2. The attacking piece that is     giving check must be            captured."
   1 za,q;" 2. It is illegal to move your      king INTO check.":
   1 za,q;" 1. The pawn that captures must     be on Rank 5 if it is White,    or Rank 4 if it is Black."
   1 yd=yd/max:
   1 y$="              ":
   1 y$;y$;"    ":
   1 xd=xd/max:
   1 x$="h7f5":
   1 x$="h4h3":
   1 x$="h1g1":
   1 x$="g8h7":
   1 x$="g7g6d8e7d8f6":
   1 x$="g5g4c3b5f7d5":
   1 x$="g5g2":
   1 x$="g4g5":
   1 x$="f4f5":
   1 x$="f4b8":
   1 x$="f3g1":
   1 x$="f1a6":
   1 x$="e8f8":
   1 x$="e8e7":
   1 x$="e7d7e7e4e7e3":
   1 x$="e6e3":
   1 x$="e6a2":
   1 x$="e5f7":
   1 x$="e5f3g5h7f8e6g7e8d6e4c3d5b4a2c1b3a1c2a3b1d2c4a5b7d8c6d4b5a7c8b6a8c7a6b8d7c5a4b2d1f2h1g3e2g1h3f4h5f6g8e7f5h4g6h8f7h6g4h2f1e3g2e1d3e5":
   1 x$="e5e6":
   1 x$="e5d6":
   1 x$="e4g3e4c3e4f2":
   1 x$="e4e8":
   1 x$="e4e7":
   1 x$="e4e6e4e8":
   1 x$="e4d6":
   1 x$="e1e3d4c3e1g1e1f1":
   1 x$="e1d2f3d2":
   1 x$="d7d8d7d6":
   1 x$="d5h1":
   1 x$="d5d8":
   1 x$="d5c4":
   1 x$="d4e6":
   1 x$="d4e3":
   1 x$="d4c6d4e6d4f3d4b5":
   1 x$="d4c5":
   1 x$="d4c2":
   1 x$="d2g5":
   1 x$="d2a5":
   1 x$="d1f3d1h5":
   1 x$="d1d5":
   1 x$="d1d4":
   1 x$="c7h2":
   1 x$="c6f3":
   1 x$="c6e4":
   1 x$="c6d5":
   1 x$="c4c5":
   1 x$="c4b5":
   1 x$="c2h7":
   1 x$="c2e4":
   1 x$="c1c8":
   1 x$="black"
   1 x$="b6f2":
   1 x$="b6c8":
   1 x$="b3d5":
   1 x$="b2a1":
   1 x$="b1f5":
   1 x$="b1b7b1b3b1f5b1g6":
   1 x$="b1a3":
   1 x$="a7a8":
   1 x$="a7a5":
   1 x$="a6c4c6c4b8b2":
   1 x$="a2a1":
   1 x$="a1b3":
   1 x$="8sd3d4d5e3e5f3f4f5":
   1 x$="8sb4c3e3f4f6e7c7b6":
   1 x$="8sa5b8e8h8h5h2e1a1":
   1 x$="8rc3a3f8c3b4f8c3c5f8c3c8f8c3f6f8c3g7f8c3h8f8c3f3f8":
   1 x$="6sf7g7h7h6h5g5":
   1 x$="6sa1a2c2c3d2e2":
   1 x$="6me2e4e2e8e2a6e2a2e2g2e2f3":
   1 x$="6mc7c8c7c5c7d6c7d8c7e7c7f7":
   1 x$="6ma3a4d4d5e2e3e2e4h2h3h2h4":
   1 x$="5mf4d5e1c3f4h5a7f7e4e5":
   1 x$="4se8e7g8g7":
   1 x$="4sd8d1a4h4":
   1 x$="4sc6d8e7g6":
   1 x$="4sc1f1c8f8":
   1 x$="4sb4d4c5e5":
   1 x$="4sa1h1a8h8":
   1 x$="3sh2h3h4":
   1 x$="3sf5f6f7":
   1 x$="3se2f2f1":
   1 x$="3sb5g5h1":
   1 x$="3sa7b7b8":
   1 x$="3rf2f3b7f2g2b7f2f7b7":
   1 x$="3mf8e8f8f7f8f6":
   1 x$="3ma2d2a2a1e4e1"::
   1 x$="2sh8f6":
   1 x$="2sg6h6":
   1 x$="2sf8f7":
   1 x$="2sd7d5":
   1 x$="2sd1d8":
   1 x$="2sc4f5":
   1 x$="2sb8g8":
   1 x$="2sb7e8":
   1 x$="2sb3c2":
   1 x$="2sb2f2":
   1 x$="2sb1c1":
   1 x$="2sa3d2":
   1 x$="2me8f8e8e1":
   1 x$="2me6d5e6f5":
   1 x$="2me2e4e2e3":
   1 x$="2mc4a4c4c2":
   1 x$="2mb6d8b6f2":
   1 x$="2df1h3f1a6":
   1 x$="04dwwf3e5d8a5c1d2a5e5":
   1 x$="03dwwc3d5":
   1 x$="03dbbh8g8f5h7g8f8h7h8f8e7h8d8e7d8d3b5":
   1 x$="02pwbb7b6a5a4b6b5a4a3b5b4a3a2b4b3a2a1":
   1 x$="02pbba6c4c1c4c8c4":
   1 x$="02dwwf3e2c3d1":
   1 x$="02dwwe2e8d8e8c4d5e8e1g1h2e1e5h2g1e5d5"
   1 x$="02dwwe1f1c3d1":
   1 x$="02dwwe1d2e7g5d2c3g3h1f3h1c7c6":
   1 x$="02dwwe1d2c3d1":
   1 x$="02dwwd4f3d7d3":
   1 x$="02dwwd4d5a1h8":
   1 x$="02dwwd1e2c3e2":
   1 x$="02dbbf6c6d5c7c8c7":
   1 x$="02dbbb8c8d6c6c8d8c6b6d8e7b6c7e7f6c7d6f6f5d6f8f5g4f8c8f3f5h2h3g4h3c8f5g6f5":
   1 x$="02dbbb8b7d8d7b7b8d7d8":
   1 x$="02dbbb8b2c4c6c8c6d5d8":
   1 x$="01xwwh2h4h4h5h5h6h6h7h7h8":
   1 x$="01xwwh1f2f2g4g4h6h6g8g8f6f6e8e8d6d6c4c4e5e5c6c6a7a7c8c8b6":
   1 x$="01xwwa1b2b2c3c3d4d4c5c5b6b6a7a7a8"
   1 x$="01xww"+a$+s$(o,v*k8-k7
   1 x$="01xww"+"c5"+s$(o,u*k8-k7
   1 x$="01swwb2d2d2d6d6h6":
   1 x$="01swwa8d8d8d2":
   1 x$="01pwwf3g3g5f5g3g8":
   1 x$="01pwwf1h1g7g6g2g4h8g7g4h5g6h5h1h5":
   1 x$="01pwwe4d6b5d6":
   1 x$="01pwwb4b5g7f7b5b6f7e7b6b7e7d8b7b8":
   1 x$="01pwwa5a6a8b8a6b7":
   1 x$="01pwwa1a7e7e5a7b7e5e4b7c7e4e3c7d7e3e2d7e7e2e1e7e1":
   1 x$="01pwbb4b5f7e7b5b6e7d7b6b7d7c7b7b8c7b8":
   1 x$="01pwba2a4h7h5a4a5h5h4a5a6h4h3a6a7h3h2a7a8h2h1a8h1":
   1 x$="01pwb"+v$(u11-k7
   1 x$="01pbwb1c1a2b1d2b1":
   1 x$="01pbbh4h2g1f1h2f2":
   1 x$="01pbbe4e1d2e1f3g2":
   1 x$="01pbbb4c2a1b1c2a3b1a1e4b1h1b1a3c2":
   1 x$="01pbba2d2h2h4f3g2":
   1 x$="01pbba2a1d2c1a1c1":
   1 x$="01dwxe2e3c5d4e3e4":
   1 x$="01dwwf3h4c6e5f2f4f8c5":
   1 x$="01dwwe2h5c5b4":
   1 x$="01dwwe2e4e7e5g1f3b8c6b1c3g8f6f1c4f8c5d2d3d7d6c1g5c8d7d1d2d8e7":
   1 x$="01dwwe2e4c7c6d2d4d7d5b1c3d5e4c3e4b8d7f1c4g8f6":
   1 x$="01dwwe2e4c7c5d2d4c5d4g1f3e7e5":
   1 x$="01dwwd4c5b6c5":
   1 x$="01dwwd2d7a7b8":
   1 x$="01dwwd2d4d7d5b1c3e7e6":
   1 x$="01dwwc2d2e4b1d1b1":
   1 x$="01dwwb4f8h8h7f8f7h7h8f7f8":
   1 x$="01dbxe7e5d4c5d6c5":
   1 x$="01dbxc5d4e2e4":
   1 x$="01dbwh6h5c6a8":
   1 x$="01dbwe7e5f5e6":
   1 x$="01dbwc5d4":
   1 x$="01dbbh7h5a2a4h5h4a4a5h4h3a5a6h3h2a6a7h2h1a7a8h1a8":
   1 x$="01dbbh4e1g1h2e1h4h2g1h4e1":
   1 x$="01dbbg8h7e8h5h7h8h5e8h8h7e8h5":
   1 x$="01dbbg7g3h2h1f4f3":
   1 x$="01dbbg5f4b7h7f4g3":
   1 x$="01dbbg3g1d4g1":
   1 x$="01dbbg3f4e1h1d5h1":
   1 x$="01dbbg3f4d4g7":
   1 x$="01dbbf7e7g6h5":
   1 x$="01dbbf4f3h2h1g7g2":
   1 x$="01dbbd7e8g6h5":
   1 x$="01dbbd5e3f2e3":
   1 x$="01dbbc7f7e6c8g8h7c8b8f7f2g1h1f2g2":
   1 x$="01dbbb7c8e7g7g8g7g2g7":
   1 x$(r)="x")
   1 x$(p)+l*sgnb):
   1 x$(o)+l*sgna)+
   1 w$(p-h,i):
   1 v;" ";x$(v*t-r
   1 v+d,q;v;" ";a$(o
   1 v*t-p);"-";x$(v*t-o
   1 v$="qqid2a5d8a5inpb1e4d5e4rrrc1c8a8c8nnie5d7e8d7iiqg5d8a5d8":
   1 u11-t)+v$(u11-k8)+v$(u11-r
   1 u11-e)+"z"+v$(u11-k9)+v$(u11-d
   1 u*t+p)+x$(u*t-o
   1 u*p-p);"-";x$(u*p-o
   1 u*k8-e)+s$(o,u*k8-k7
   1 t,q;"Your move     ":
   1 t,q;"You've already":
   1 t,q;"Wrong starting":
   1 t,q;"When a pawn reaches the enemy   back rank, it must be exchanged for a piece. This is known as   pawn promotion.The rules are:-"
   1 t,q;"Well done.    "
   1 t,q;"Tried already":
   1 t,q;"To stop (or parry) the check,   one of three things must take   place:":
   1 t,q;"The correct":
   1 t,q;"The answer is ":
   1 t,q;"Tactics are Chess tools, wherebya position can be made use of tobring about an advantage, such  as the winning  of material."
   1 t,q;"Stalemate     ":
   1 t,q;"Question over ":
   1 t,q;"Occupied by   ":
   1 t,q;"My solution   ":
   1 t,q;"My move       ":
   1 t,q;"Move ";u-o;" ";x$(u*p-r
   1 t,q;"Move ";l3;" ";a$(o
   1 t,q;"I win      ":
   1 t,q;"Enter your    ":
   1 t,q;"Dble. ch.     ":
   1 t,q;"Choose a move ":
   1 t,q;"Choice : ";x$(num*t-r
   1 t,q;"Checkmate occurs when the       capture of the king next move   cannot be avoided."
   1 t,q;"Checkmate     ":
   1 t,q;"Check":
   1 t,q;"Check"
   1 t,q;"Check occurs when a player      threatens to capture the        opponents king on the next move."
   1 t,q;"A Skewer occurs when a piece    attacks along a line (rank, fileor diagonal) which is occupied  by at least two enemy men."
   1 t,q;"A Pin is a way of fixing or     immobilizing an enemy piece, by making it shield another piece  from attack.":
   1 t,k8;"CHARACTERISTICS"
   1 t);"    ":
   1 t),r+e*((a$(o
   1 t$="now you play Black; my first move."
   1 t$="c7-c8 & c7-d8 are examples of back rank mates.":
   1 t$="b8-b2 would be even worse, losing the queen to the c4 rook,followed by a back rank mate from rook d5 moving to d8. Watch.":
   1 t$="b2-c1 in this position is a very poor move.":
   1 t$="b1-b7 attacks the undefended rook a8.":
   1 t$="Your move.":
   1 t$="Your move."
   1 t$="Your move":
   1 t$="You play Black's moves."
   1 t$="You have found all the moves. Congratulations.":
   1 t$="You can see the importance of learning the relative values of the pieces. Here is a simple test of your understanding.":
   1 t$="You are White. With what move can you fork two of Black's pieces?":
   1 t$="You are White. Try moving e4-d6.":
   1 t$="You are White. Can you catch both the Black pawns before they queen?":
   1 t$="You are Black- but I'm having the first move.":
   1 t$="Wrong. g6-h5 captures the knight for nothing......":
   1 t$="Wrong. An example of a faulty execution of a discovered attack.":
   1 t$="Would you like another piece?":
   1 t$="With which of these two moves can White now give perpetual check?":
   1 t$="With what moves can White checkmate with his queen?"
   1 t$="With what moves can White check Black?":
   1 t$="With what move can the b6 knight capture a Black piece?":
   1 t$="With what move can White capture a Black pawn?":
   1 t$="With what move can Black now capture en passant?":
   1 t$="With what five moves can White give check?":
   1 t$="With the exception of the special rules regarding check and checkmate, capturing is optional.":
   1 t$="With only a king left on the board, the only defence method left is to capture the enemy piece, or achieve stalemate.":
   1 t$="With his next move, White shows Black's 'win' of a knight to be a mistake. What is White's move?"
   1 t$="With double check the king is simultaneously attacked from two directions, and his only possible defence is to move.":
   1 t$="With correct play, Black gets checkmate in two moves. What are they?":
   1 t$="With a pawn fork, it does not matter if the enemy men are guarded, because the attacking pawn is of low value.":
   1 t$="With Black to move, can the White queen c8 be captured?":
   1 t$="Will Black ever be able to castle?":
   1 t$="Whose turn is it to move?":
   1 t$="Who has the advantage, Black or White?":
   1 t$="Who has made the better move?":
   1 t$="Who do you think is winning in this position?":
   1 t$="Who controls most squares in this position, Black or White?":
   1 t$="White, although a rook down, wins by discovered check.":
   1 t$="White's checks are exhausted.":
   1 t$="White to play. Who wins?":
   1 t$="White to play. Which move is correct? (Hint: Black has an undefended pawn.)":
   1 t$="White to play. What move would you make?":
   1 t$="White to play. What is his best move?":
   1 t$="White to play. Watch.":
   1 t$="White to play. Watch the b2 rook and b4 pawn combine for a discovered attack on the Black bishop."
   1 t$="White to play. The d5 knight is forking queen c7 and rook e7.":
   1 t$="White to play. The White bishop is half pinned. It can move along the b1-h7 diagonal ...":
   1 t$="White to play. Capture all Blacks men with your knight, without moving to the same square twice.":
   1 t$="White to play, and give check.":
   1 t$="White to play, and checkmate in two moves. You are White. (Hint: Pawn b7 is pinned.)":
   1 t$="White to play, and capture Black's queen in two moves. You are White. (Hint: Black's f4 bishop is pinned.)"
   1 t$="White to play and win. What is his best move? (Hint: There is a skewer on a Square.)":
   1 t$="White to play and win. (Hint: Black's king and knight are on the same file.)"
   1 t$="White to play and checkmate. (Hint: Black is weak on rank 8).":
   1 t$="White to play and checkmate in one move.":
   1 t$="White threatens to capture the e5 knight with f4-e5.":
   1 t$="White threatens checkmate, after promoting the pawn with d7-d8.":
   1 t$="White plays g2-c6, where the bishop may be taken by the Black rook.":
   1 t$="White plays f2-f6, threatening the queen e6, and also threatening checkmate by f6-g7."
   1 t$="White plans to attack pawn f7, the weak point in Black's defence, which is only defended by the king.":
   1 t$="White now can capture the Black queen with the king or the knight. Which would you choose?":
   1 t$="White must lose material in this postion. "+i$:
   1 t$="White is two pieces down and threatened with Checkmate. Which move allows White to draw the game with perpetual check?"
   1 t$="White is said to have placed his bishop en prise.":
   1 t$="White is attacking 9 vacant squares. How many is Black attacking?":
   1 t$="White instead retreats....":
   1 t$="White has the option of capturing Black's queen with h3-d7.":
   1 t$="White has the first move, with Black following. Each player then moves alternately. Here is an example."
   1 t$="White has played e2-e4, and Black has responded c7-c6. Can White now move e4-e5?":
   1 t$="White has gained a draw despite being hopelessly behind in material."
   1 t$="White has gained a bishop, and has a winning advantage in material.":
   1 t$="White has decided to attack and win the Black pawn. There are 3 routes for her to capture the pawn in 2 moves. What are they?"
   1 t$="White has castled Kingside, Black castled Queenside. Both players could have castled the other way."
   1 t$="White forks the rook and the pawn....":
   1 t$="White escapes from the double threat to his king and queen by moving the king out of check...":
   1 t$="White ends a piece up.":
   1 t$="White decides to open with his king's pawn. What moves can he legally make?":
   1 t$="White castles Queenside.":
   1 t$="White captures the bishop.":
   1 t$="White captured a knight (3 pawns), but in doing so allowed Black to capture a rook (5 pawns). Advantage to Black.":
   1 t$="White can capture in four ways ( 1 & 2 put Black into check). Which is best?":
   1 t$="White and Black exchange pawns at d5.":
   1 t$="Which squares can the knight d5 jump to?":
   1 t$="Which squares can the knight a1 jump to?":
   1 t$="Which rook occupies the worst position on the board?":
   1 t$="Which rook has the best position on the board?":
   1 t$="Which of these two moves is best for Black?":
   1 t$="Which of these two moves by the bishop allows the White king the fewest moves?":
   1 t$="Which move would you make, b1-a3, h4-e7, or f8-g8?":
   1 t$="Which move is correct? (Each move gives discovered check from the queen e7.)":
   1 t$="Which move can the a1 knight make?":
   1 t$="Which is the best move for Black?":
   1 t$="Which diagonal is the black bishop moving up?":
   1 t$="Which colour would you choose - Black because of the undefended pawn capture c5-d4, or White because of the passed pawn?":
   1 t$="Which White pawns cannot move forward because their way is blocked?":
   1 t$="Which White men can the Black queen capture, without herself being captured?"
   1 t$="Which Black pieces are pinned?":
   1 t$="Whenever a king is in check, the threat to capture him next move MUST be removed. If the threat cannot be stopped...     ... then it is Checkmate, and the game is over.":
   1 t$="When you play a capture sequence, make sure you calculate exactly, or you may lose a piece.":
   1 t$="When making a discovered check, don't place the the unveiling piece on a square where it can be captured by the king.":
   1 t$="When a piece is wholly pinned, enemy pieces can be placed en prise to it, since thay cannot be captured.":
   1 t$="What squares can the White queen move to?":
   1 t$="What squares can the Black queen move to that are not guarded by White pieces?":
   1 t$="What squares can he move to?":
   1 t$="What squares are being attacked/defended by the Black pawns at c5 and d6?":
   1 t$="What squares along  the file can rook h1 move to?":
   1 t$="What square is the white queen on?
   1 t$="What square can the White king now move to?":
   1 t$="What rook moves can Black make, that capture White pawns, without the Black rook being threatened?":
   1 t$="What rook move can White play, which captures a Black piece, without the White rook itself being captured?":
   1 t$="What rank is the rook moving across?":
   1 t$="What rank do the Black pawns occupy at the start of the game?":
   1 t$="What pieces can the Black king capture?":
   1 t$="What piece can the White king capture?":
   1 t$="What pawns are being attacked by the Black bishop at d4?":
   1 t$="What other squares can this knight move to?":
   1 t$="What move must White NOT play now? (Remember stalemate.)":
   1 t$="What move can Black make that shows this to be a mistake by White?":
   1 t$="What is the worst capturing move Black can make?":
   1 t$="What is the smallest number of moves with which the rook can capture pawn h6?":
   1 t$="What is the smallest number of moves (manouvre) in which the Black rook can attack White's pawns at a2 and e2?":
   1 t$="What is the queening square for the pawn h2?":
   1 t$="What is the furthest square that rook c8 can move to?":
   1 t$="What is rook h1's only move along the rank?":
   1 t$="What is White's only move to get out of check?":
   1 t$="What is White's next move?":
   1 t$="What is Black's next move?":
   1 t$="What is Black's best move?":
   1 t$="What file is the white pawn moving up?":
   1 t$="What do you consider to be the best of these three moves for Black?":
   1 t$="What diagonals can the bishop on f1 move along?":
   1 t$="What are their starting squares?":
   1 t$="What are the furthest squares the rook can move to in each direction?":
   1 t$="What are the furthest squares the queen can move to in each direction?"
   1 t$="What are rook f8's possible moves?":
   1 t$="What are all the other possible moves for White?":
   1 t$="What additional squares can the Black king now move to?":
   1 t$="Well done - but you didn't end up in the right place. Better luck next time.":
   1 t$="Watch. There is no White pawn to take Black's pawn on d4.":
   1 t$="Watch these opening moves.":
   1 t$="Watch these moves."
   1 t$="Watch the sequence.":
   1 t$="Watch the rest of the sequence.":
   1 t$="Watch the first moves carefully; the question comes afterwards.":
   1 t$="Watch the first moves carefully.":
   1 t$="Watch as White takes the Black pawn en passant"
   1 t$="Watch Black's move, then play White's reply.":
   1 t$="Watch Black lose. You must ensure, if you are trying to get stalemate, that you have no other possible move.":
   1 t$="Two pieces one square apart on the same rank are always targets for pawn forks.":
   1 t$="Try to find Whites winning sequence.":
   1 t$="This type of checkmate is known as 'smothered mate'.":
   1 t$="This shows a Bishop on the 5th rank, on the d file. This position is d5.":
   1 t$="This move is a blunder. It loses the queen to the Black bishop."
   1 t$="This move contests the centre, opens up the d8-h4 diagonal for the queen ....":
   1 t$="This move attacks the rook f7.":
   1 t$="This is the shortest recorded International game of Chess- White resigned!":
   1 t$="This is a bad move. Black captures a knight, but loses the game. First White captures the queen ..":
   1 t$="This exercise shows how important it is whose turn it is to move. White's move threatens the Black bishop. Black's move captures a pawn.":
   1 t$="This exercise is a pawn race.":
   1 t$="This exercise demonstrates the queen's power, through the number of ways she can pursue an attack.":
   1 t$="This example shows how easy it is to fall into stalemate. First watch how Black ought to play, to force checkmate."
   1 t$="Third try.":
   1 t$="These are the ranks. They are numbered 1 to 8. You can see rank 4 being flashed.":
   1 t$="There was an alternative move for White. What was it?":
   1 t$="There is no defence. The knight giving check cannot be captured.":
   1 t$="There are no safe squares for the king to move to. Knight c3 is covering squares e2 & e4 ....":
   1 t$="There are five ways in which The White knight can capture the black pawn in three moves. You are White- your move.":
   1 t$="The white pawns are attacking all those squares (10 in all) that are flashing.":
   1 t$="The trap is set ...":
   1 t$="The squares c5,f6,and g5 are guarded by Black pawns.":
   1 t$="The squares c3,d2,f2, and g3 are occupied by his own pieces.":
   1 t$="The squares a2,b2 & b1 are all covered by the queen b3.":
   1 t$="The second checkmate. You are Black; your first move is e4-e1.":
   1 t$="The rook moves to fork the bishop and the knight.":
   1 t$="The rook a1 can only move to two squares. Which ones?":
   1 t$="The quickest form of checkmate is Fool's mate. Watch carefully.":
   1 t$="The question mark you can see records that this was a poor move.":
   1 t$="The queen forks the bishops. Black must lose one, since the bishops cannot defend each other.":
   1 t$="The promotion to queen is an added bonus.":
   1 t$="The promoted queen is captured by the rook ...":
   1 t$="The pinned piece moved, and the rook was captured.":
   1 t$="The pawn simultaneously attacks the pieces on two squares- it forks a rook and a knight.":
   1 t$="The pawn capture discovers an attack by the rook on the bishop, which is unguarded."
   1 t$="The pawn b7 was pinned against the king by the bishop, and could not capture the queen.":
   1 t$="The pawn attacks the knight.":
   1 t$="The pawn at h2 is known as a passed pawn.":
   1 t$="The pawn advance discovers the bishop check on the king.":
   1 t$="The other purpose of castling is to bring a rook quickly into play. Here, both rooks are out of play at the side."
   1 t$="The other move (b6-d8) allows him to move to 3 squares g4,h3 & g3.":
   1 t$="The original position. With what initial moves does Black threaten to checkmate White in two?":
   1 t$="The moral to this exercise is: the knight in the centre of the board controls more squares than the other knights.":
   1 t$="The method by which the rook moves from one part of the board to another is known as a manouvre.":
   1 t$="The knight threatens to capture the Black queen.":
   1 t$="The knight is the man most suited to deliver forks, because it can attack enemy men without itself being attacked..":
   1 t$="The knight g4 can jump backwards to what vacant square?":
   1 t$="The knight forks the queen and rook. Black will now gain material.":
   1 t$="The knight f3 can capture a piece. With what move?":
   1 t$="The knight b6 guards the a8 square, so White cannot play 2. f3-a8 checkmate.":
   1 t$="The king moves slowly. Sometimes even a pawn can outpace a chasing king.":
   1 t$="The king is therefore forced to move to e2.":
   1 t$="The king is compelled to move...":
   1 t$="The king has the ability to reach a square by a number of different routes, all of which take the same number of moves.":
   1 t$="The king cannot move to rank 7, as he would be moving into check from the rook a7.":
   1 t$="The king cannot move out of check; rook f8 covers squares f1 & f2 ....":
   1 t$="The king cannot move along rank 3, because he would still be in check from the queen.":
   1 t$="The king MUST move ...":
   1 t$="The fork is the most common and important tactic found in Chess. Any man can give a fork, even a King.":
   1 t$="The final move of the knight should put it back on the starting square (e5).":
   1 t$="The final checkmate. Your first move is a2-d2":
   1 t$="The e6 queen attacks the knight ... but it is Black to move.":
   1 t$="The diagonals are also important. You can see the diagonal a2-g8 being flashed.":
   1 t$="The defending side must parry the threat to the king ...":
   1 t$="The conclusion is that White is better placed because he controls more squares than Black.":
   1 t$="The castle move consists of:    1.Moving the king two squares to the right or left.":
   1 t$="The c5 bishop is giving check to White's king.":
   1 t$="The bishop simultaneously attacks along two diagonals. Black's rook and king are forked.":
   1 t$="The bishop is placed en prise. White must remove the threat to the king ...":
   1 t$="The bishop has skewered the king and queen on the a3-f8 diagonal.":
   1 t$="The bishop c5 has no legal move, as the Black king would be exposed to check from the rook. The rook pins the bishop.":
   1 t$="The bishop c1 can move to any other square on the diagonals c1-a3 and c1-h6.":
   1 t$="The best move. Both the e5 and f7 pawns are defended...":
   1 t$="The best continuation. White captures a rook (worth 5 pawns), and gains an advantage which should help win the game.":
   1 t$="The White rook prevents him from moving to the d file.":
   1 t$="The White rook d1 can capture the d5 pawn. What is the capturing move, d1-d5 or d1-d6?":
   1 t$="The White knight is being attacked by a Black pawn - from which square?":
   1 t$="The White knight is also attacked.":
   1 t$="The White bishop stops the king from moving to e7.":
   1 t$="The White Queen a3 is giving check to the Black king f8. She threatens to capture him next move.":
   1 t$="The Knight Tour. Can you find a sequence of knight moves, in which the knight moves once to each square on the board?":
   1 t$="The Black queen wants to get from c3 to f8 in two moves. Enter all the ways in which she can do this (e.g. c3-a3-f8)."
   1 t$="The Black queen g3 is giving check.":
   1 t$="The Black king could have moved along the 6th rank or the 8th rank- but the result would be the same.":
   1 t$="Test the Rule yourself on your own board, by placing the Black king in various positions inside and outside the Square.":
   1 t$="Suppose now that it is Black to move first. He can also give checkmate, with g5-h3.":
   1 t$="Suppose it is Black's turn to play. What is his best move?"
   1 t$="Suppose White had instead defended the pawn d4 by e2-e3; Black replies c5-d4, followed by e3-e4 from White (like this).":
   1 t$="Starting play. Play is started with a full board, as shown above.":
   1 t$="Stalemate often occurs when a player tries to press home the attack too quickly.":
   1 t$="Stalemate occurs when the player whose turn it is to move cannot make a legal move, but his king is not in Check."
   1 t$="Stalemate can be used as a tactic for getting a draw, for the player who has least material.":
   1 t$="Square f5 is attacked by pawn e4.":
   1 t$="Solution "+
   1 t$="So: take care to avoid stalemate when you're trying to force checkmate, with only a queen on the board.":
   1 t$="Shows another typical perpetual check position. The Black queen see-saws along the e1-h4 diagonal."
   1 t$="Should White play this move?"
   1 t$="Should White now play 4. f3-e5?":
   1 t$="See how the Black pawns defend each other. Pawn d6 defends c5. What other pawn defends c5?":
   1 t$="Second try.":
   1 t$="Rook h3 is en prise to knight g5.":
   1 t$="Rook f4 is en prise to pawn e5.":
   1 t$="Rook b8 covers squares b1 &b2, cornering the king."
   1 t$="Remember: The main object of the game is to checkmate your opponent, not to gain material (even though this may help).":
   1 t$="Remember - the queen is the most manouverable piece on the board.":
   1 t$="Positions involving several pins at once can be dangerous to both players.":
   1 t$="Picture a Square on the board, using the distance from the pawn to the queening square as the side.":
   1 t$="Pawns can only move diagonally when they are capturing another piece. They can never move more than two spaces forward.":
   1 t$="Pawn h7 is en prise to rook h3.":
   1 t$="Pawn d5 is en prise to king d6.":
   1 t$="Pawn c6 is protected by rook e6, whilst pawn g4 is protected by pawn h3.":
   1 t$="Opens up diagonals for the queen and the white square bishop.":
   1 t$="Opening: Sicilian Defence. White- R.F.Combe (Scotland). Black- W.R.Hasenfuss (Latvia). Venue- Folkestone, 1933. Watch."
   1 t$="Only pieces standing on the same colour may be forked by a knight.":
   1 t$="One way of dealing with the threat of a discovered attack is to move the man who is about to be attacked.":
   1 t$="One of the five moves gives Black only one possible reply. Which one?":
   1 t$="One but not both of Blacks pieces may be defended. Here is one possible continuation.":
   1 t$="On which square must a knight be placed to control the flashing squares?":
   1 t$="On what squares do the two queens start the game?"
   1 t$="On what square is the piece that pins knight d8?":
   1 t$="On square e5 the king would still be in check from bishop c3.":
   1 t$="On White's next move, the pawn will promote to queen.":
   1 t$="Often, there is only one way of getting out of check. Here is an example. Find Black's move.":
   1 t$="Often a king may only be able to reach a square by manouvering round an obstacle or danger area.":
   1 t$="Now watch this move.":
   1 t$="Now watch these moves.":
   1 t$="Now try to find them.":
   1 t$="Now suppose it's Black's first move. Black to play and mate in one."
   1 t$="Now suppose it is Black to play. He can also checkmate in one. How?":
   1 t$="Now play White's winning move. You know where the weakness is.":
   1 t$="Now play White's next move which shows Black's move to be a blunder.":
   1 t$="Now play Black's move which proves White's capture of the pawn to be a blunder.":
   1 t$="Now make them.":
   1 t$="Now it is Black's turn to play first. Who will win the game- Black or White?":
   1 t$="Notice that the queen always starts play standing on it's own colour.":
   1 t$="Notice that the knight ends up on a different coloured square to the one he started on.":
   1 t$="Notice how with discovered check it is possible to attack pieces which are far apart at either end of the board.":
   1 t$="Notes: The White rook, bishop and pawn combine to prevent the king from escaping.":
   1 t$="Notes: Double check is normally abbreviated as 'dble. ch.'.       It is an extremely dangerous attacking tactic.":
   1 t$="Notes. 1. Two attacking pieces are involved, so it is more dangerous than a fork where only one piece is involved."
   1 t$="Notes. 1. The a3 pawn has already moved, so can only move one square forward.":
   1 t$="Note that you do NOT capture in CHESS by jumping over the captured piece.":
   1 t$="Note that the White knight attacks 8 squares, all the same colour.":
   1 t$="Note that pawn h7 is also en prise to bishop d3.":
   1 t$="Note how the queen and knight combine to trap the Black king. Often, to force checkmate, several pieces are needed.":
   1 t$="Note how the moves are recorded (on the left-hand side of the screen). Move 1 refers to both White's and Black's first move.":
   1 t$="Not the best move. White replies b2-c4 ...":
   1 t$="Not the best move. White has lost the right to castle.":
   1 t$="Not so bad for Black is g3-g1 ...":
   1 t$="Not only a discovered check from the rook, but the unmasking piece also gives check."
   1 t$="Not correct. Black can capture the rook for nothing with either f6-f7 ....":
   1 t$="Not best. This move defends both the e5 and f7 pawns ...":
   1 t$="Not a good move in this position. Black can take the knight with c6-b5 ; White has exchanged a knight for a bishop.":
   1 t$="No piece can interpose.":
   1 t$="No piece can interpose between the White king and the Black knight.":
   1 t$="No Black man can interpose, so Black must play c8-c3, capturing the piece which is giving check.":
   1 t$="Never lose your queen to a piece of lesser value.":
   1 t$="Many Congratulations! Although there are a number of solutions to this puzzle, finding one is a real achievement.":
   1 t$="Look at the sphere of influence of the Black queen.":
   1 t$="Look at the following continuation.":
   1 t$="Let's prove that the method works. You are White; Your first move.":
   1 t$="Last try.":
   1 t$="Knight d3 covers square f2 ...":
   1 t$="Knight c7 is supported by rook c1.":
   1 t$="It's path to the back rank is not blocked or threatened by enemy pawns, either on it's own file or on those next to it."
   1 t$="It is White to move. Let's examine a possible continuation.":
   1 t$="It is Black to move. Can he capture the pawn at f3 without himself being captured?":
   1 t$="Is this a legal position?":
   1 t$="Is the rook e4 wholly pinned?":
   1 t$="Is the distance for the White king to move from a1 to a8 the same as from a1 to h8?":
   1 t$="Is the Black bishop pinned?":
   1 t$="Is f4-e5 the best move for White?":
   1 t$="Is a3-b5 a legal move?":
   1 t$="Is White able to castle Queenside?":
   1 t$="Incorrect. h5-e5+ wins a pawn...":
   1 t$="Incorrect. White can escape from perpetual check. "+i$:
   1 t$="Incorrect. The knight d3 is not attacked along the d file.":
   1 t$="Incorrect. The king may either exchange his knight with b3-d5 ...":
   1 t$="Incorrect. The e5 pawn can be captured either by the pawn at d6 ...":
   1 t$="Incorrect. Not a genuine fork. The d7 queen protects the pawn from attack by the f3 queen.":
   1 t$="Incorrect. Black forks the knight and the bishop, winning material.":
   1 t$="Incorrect. Black attacks the knight ...":
   1 t$="Incorrect. "+i$:
   1 t$="In this position, the queen forked the king and the knight. A fork with a combined check is especially dangerous.":
   1 t$="In this position, each of these three defences is possible.":
   1 t$="In this position, can Black stop the White pawn from queening?":
   1 t$="In this new position, which side threatens checkmate in one?":
   1 t$="In this example, with Black to move, stalemate occurs.":
   1 t$="In this example, both players plan to develop their pieces as soon as possible. This is easy for all pieces except rooks.":
   1 t$="In this example, Black played his capture sequence a move behind, and therefore lost a piece.":
   1 t$="In this example, Black is in a hopeless position ...":
   1 t$="In this case, the pawn took 5 moves to reach the queening square, while the king took 6 moves.":
   1 t$="In this (original) position, Black has two good moves, both of which win material. What are they?"
   1 t$="In these cases, Black's queen is captured by a piece of lesser value, and White gains an advantage."
   1 t$="In the example, the bishop and pawn could not both be defended at the same time."
   1 t$="In each case, White must first remove the threat to the king.":
   1 t$="In an endgame, where a king becomes an attacking piece, this characteristic is important.":
   1 t$="In Chess, the main battlefield is usually at the centre of the board.":
   1 t$="In CHESS , the capturing piece moves to the square occupied by the enemy piece, which is then removed from the board.":
   1 t$="If you played 1 .... a2-a1 , this can also lead to a draw by perpetual check.":
   1 t$="If you got either of these questions wrong, you might wish to go back to do some revision before going any further.":
   1 t$="If the defending king is outside the Square, the pawn cannot be stopped from queening.":
   1 t$="If it is White to play, can he safely win a pawn by playing d4-c5?":
   1 t$="If it is White to play, can Black force a draw, by preventing the pawn from queening?"
   1 t$="If it is White to move, he can checkmate Black with c3-g7.":
   1 t$="If it is Black's move, can he gain a pawn?":
   1 t$="If either king stays for too long on it's original square, it becomes exposed to attack.":
   1 t$="If White were to play d3-h7, the bishop h7 would be en prise to knight g5.":
   1 t$="If White moves first, he immediately gets a draw. Watch.":
   1 t$="If White had played b4-b8, the Black king could have manoeuvred around the pawns.":
   1 t$="If Black plays g3-f4 he loses. Watch.":
   1 t$="If Black had played b8-b1+ , White would have captured the rook for nothing.":
   1 t$="If Black attempts to capture the knight ...":
   1 t$="If Black attacks the White pawn with his rook...":
   1 t$="Identify the four squares on which the rooks start the game.":
   1 t$="I am going to show you the starting positions of the various pieces. Which piece would you like to see?":
   1 t$="However, with an incorrect first move, Black could Stalemate the king. What is it?":
   1 t$="However, if Black had played incorrectly, the game could have ended in stalemate. Watch again."
   1 t$="How many squares can the knight h4 jump to?":
   1 t$="How many squares can the knight at f7 move to?":
   1 t$="How many pawns is a  queen worth?":
   1 t$="How many moves will it take for the h2 pawn to queen?":
   1 t$="How many knights does each player have?":
   1 t$="How many exchanging possibilities exist for White?"
   1 t$="How many directions can the bishop at d5 move in?":
   1 t$="How many directions can the White queen move in?":
   1 t$="How many bishops are on the board at the start of a game?":
   1 t$="How many White pieces are pinned?":
   1 t$="How many White pawns are on the board at the start of a game?":
   1 t$="How many White men are en prise?":
   1 t$="How many Black men are en prise?":
   1 t$="How many 'points' does White have?":
   1 t$="How many 'points' does Black have?":
   1 t$="How does White capture the Black pawn?":
   1 t$="How can Black, using double check, give checkmate in four moves? (You play Black. This puzzle is not easy!)"
   1 t$="How can Black parry (stop) the check?":
   1 t$="Hint: "+s$(s1,o
   1 t$="Here is the Chess Board. It has 8 ranks (rows) and 8 files (columns). The squares are alternately black and white. Notice that the top left-hand corner is always white."
   1 t$="Here is one possible route; there are many others.":
   1 t$="Here is an exercise on en passant. Watch these preliminary moves carefully.":
   1 t$="Here is an example. White's knight on c3 captures Black's pawn on d5.":
   1 t$="Here is an example of checkmate in the opening. Caro-Kann defence."
   1 t$="Here is an example of Checkmate. The White queen at g7 is giving checkmate.":
   1 t$="Here is an alternative continuation. In both cases Black prefers to lose the knight, the less valuable piece.":
   1 t$="Here is a knight moving from it's start position on b1 to c3.":
   1 t$="Here is a demonstration of pawn h2 queening.":
   1 t$="Here are the four rooks in their start positions.":
   1 t$="Here are the files. They are lettered from a to h. You can see the c file being flashed.":
   1 t$="Here are the White pawns in their starting positions.":
   1 t$="Here are the Black pawns on the seventh rank.":
   1 t$="Here are all four knights in their starting positions.":
   1 t$="Here White should have removed his queen from danger.":
   1 t$="Guarding the knight, and the checkmate threat.":
   1 t$="Go slowly, and make sure you understand each move before going on to the next.":
   1 t$="Given the choice, would you be White or Black in this situation?":
   1 t$="From what square will the Black queen be able to attack all White's pieces?":
   1 t$="Forks the knight and the pawn.":
   1 t$="Forking the undefended pawn f7, and threatening mate.":
   1 t$="First try.":
   1 t$="Final notes: 1. Knights can never pin. 2. If another piece pins a knight, the knight is nearly always wholly pinned, not half pinned.":
   1 t$="Exercises on the starting positions are given under the sections for the individual pieces.":
   1 t$="Exchange Number "+
   1 t$="Even a pawn may give checkmate.":
   1 t$="Each possible defence method for Black fails.
   1 t$="Each player starts with 2 knights. On which squares do Black's knights start?"
   1 t$="Does this move lead to an exchange?":
   1 t$="Do you want to see the solution?":
   1 t$="Do you want to see the race?":
   1 t$="Do you want to see how?":
   1 t$="Do you want to have a go at catching the pawns?":
   1 t$="Do you want another try?":
   1 t$="Do you want another go? (My solution takes 13 moves)":
   1 t$="Count the squares.":
   1 t$="Correct. White skewers the g7 square, threatening checkmate.":
   1 t$="Correct. This way, White retains the right to castle.":
   1 t$="Correct. This is checkmate. The attacking pawn cannot be captured by the king, as it is defended by rook g8.":
   1 t$="Correct. The queen see-saws between h5 & d8 perpetually giving check.":
   1 t$="Correct. The knights are inadequately defended, and are skewered along the d file. Watch.":
   1 t$="Correct. Supported by bishop d3, White threatens checkmate with 2. h5-h7. Pawn c5 is undefended.":
   1 t$="Correct. Square e6 is attacked by the f4 knight.":
   1 t$="Correct. Black wins a queen; White cannot save her. Watch White's attempts.":
   1 t$="Correct. At g6 the White queen simultaneously attacks the rook f7 and the knight g5.":
   1 t$="Correct. A bishop captures a queen. Now find Black's next move after White (that's me) plays c1-c4 ...":
   1 t$="Consequently, the game is finished - and drawn.":
   1 t$="Congratulations - that's the optimum solution":
   1 t$="Complete the sequence for each of the three moves. In the first sequence, your opening move is a2-a1. You play Black.":
   1 t$="Compare it with Whites.":
   1 t$="Checkmate with capture occurs at c8 & f7.":
   1 t$="Check. Sets up Black's next move (can you guess?) ...":
   1 t$="Check. Not the best move. Black can play d6-f7, threatening to fork the rook and the knight with his next move (g3-h3).":
   1 t$="Check. Not the best continuation. White gains a pawn, but Black can play d8-e7...":
   1 t$="Check- but the worst choice. Black plays b5-c6, and captures a knight (worth 3 pawns) for the loss of one pawn.":
   1 t$="Characteristics of the pin are: 1. Three pieces are needed to set a pin up, the pinning piece (c1) ...":
   1 t$="Castling is a special move which allows the king to be moved to safety at the side of the board.":
   1 t$="Capturing is the subject of a section later in the course, but for the moment, you need to understand the basic rule.":
   1 t$="Captures the pawn, and forks the knight and the f8 square, threatening checkmate by 3. c5-f8."
   1 t$="Can the knight avoid capture?":
   1 t$="Can the king get from a1 to a8 via d4 in 7 moves?":
   1 t$="Can the king capture the pawn?":
   1 t$="Can the White knight capture?":
   1 t$="Can the White king move?":
   1 t$="Can the White king move to a vacant square?":
   1 t$="Can the White king capture the pawn c3?":
   1 t$="Can the White bishop move and attack the Black bishop?":
   1 t$="Can the Black knight capture without himself being captured?":
   1 t$="Can the Black king move?":
   1 t$="Can White stop the check by interposing the f5 knight with f5-e3?"
   1 t$="Can White parry (stop) the check by capturing the White queen with f5-g3?"
   1 t$="Can White now capture the e5 pawn en passant?":
   1 t$="Can White castle?":
   1 t$="Can White castle now?":
   1 t$="Can White capture all Blacks pawns before any of them can safely promote to a queen?":
   1 t$="Can Black now play b2-c1, threatening to capture White's queen?":
   1 t$="Can Black now capture the e4 pawn en passant?":
   1 t$="Can Black give check?":
   1 t$="Can Black get out of check by moving his king?":
   1 t$="Can Black castle?":
   1 t$="By placing the queen alternately on which two squares will White be able to give perpetual check?":
   1 t$="But the bishop d7 is already defended by the rook f7 ...":
   1 t$="But since White can win a rook for a bishop with b2-c3, Black  has lost material.":
   1 t$="Both players therefore have the capability to checkmate the other, even though Black is a queen and a rook down.":
   1 t$="Both players now castle. Watch closely.":
   1 t$="Black's third move (g8-f6) was the key error. What move should he have played?":
   1 t$="Black's next move is a1-c1; he will soon checkmate White.":
   1 t$="Black to play.":
   1 t$="Black to play. Watch.":
   1 t$="Black to play. The king is in check.":
   1 t$="Black to play. Is he in stalemate?":
   1 t$="Black to play. Bishop c1 is attacking rook f4.":
   1 t$="Black to play, and skewer White's knights. Which move is correct?":
   1 t$="Black to play and checkmate. Look for a co-ordinated attack with the rook and bishop.":
   1 t$="Black threatens to capture White's queen. What is White's best move?"
   1 t$="Black threatens checkmate in 3 ways, with h4-f2, h4-h2, and h4-h1.":
   1 t$="Black should first have played e8-g8, completing development and protecting the back rank, before moving c8-c4.":
   1 t$="Black must take action against this threat, so instead he moves the bishop away from attack...":
   1 t$="Black moves to prevent the checkmate ...":
   1 t$="Black moves his pawn to stop the checkmate.":
   1 t$="Black moves 2 .... f8-g8, removing the rook from threat of capture.)":
   1 t$="Black intended giving checkmate at g2, by next moving his queen g3-g2. But White cannot now move.":
   1 t$="Black has only captured a rook.":
   1 t$="Black has no choice but to move his king ...":
   1 t$="Black has captured two pawns, and the White knight is now undefended and attacked.":
   1 t$="Black has blundered. "+i$
   1 t$="Black first exchanges a knight for a bishop ...":
   1 t$="Black counters with a threat to White's queen.":
   1 t$="Black castles Kingside.":
   1 t$="Black captures a queen and a pawn for a bishop.":
   1 t$="Black captures White's queen. All square in material loss- so far.":
   1 t$="Bishop f8 is en prise to rook f4.":
   1 t$="Bishop d3 is en prise to rook a3.":
   1 t$="Before playing any move, make sure you do not leave yourself in a worse position.":
   1 t$="Back to the sequence.":
   1 t$="Back to the last position. After c6-d5, White replies c4-c8+, ...":
   1 t$="Back rank mates are common in Chess. Beware!":
   1 t$="Bacause of the pin on the bishop, White could place the queen on a square where she could capture Black's queen ...":
   1 t$="Attacks f7 again, and also e5.":
   1 t$="Assuming you are White, what would you reply if Black had made this queen move?":
   1 t$="As the king must move, the unmasking (moving) piece can be placed en prise to the king.":
   1 t$="As the king cannot be captured, it is not possible to put a value on it.":
   1 t$="As it is, White wins material, by capturing the rook.":
   1 t$="As it is, White now captures the queen with a knight - a favourable capture.":
   1 t$="Are there any other passed pawns in this  position?":
   1 t$="Are there any exceptions to this rule?":
   1 t$="Another type of fork involves simultaneously attacking a piece and a vital square, usually threatening checkmate.":
   1 t$="Another starting sequence could be as shown here.":
   1 t$="Another quick checkmate is known as Scholar's Mate. Watch carefully.":
   1 t$="An example of a lengthy capture sequence. White to play.":
   1 t$="An error. The rook is captured.":
   1 t$="An error. Black fails to heed the danger to f7, and attacks the queen.":
   1 t$="An easily won game for White.":
   1 t$="Although this wins material, it does not force a checkmate (yet). Not the best solution.":
   1 t$="All White can safely do is capture a pawn with 2. b7-a6. All other captures lose the queen."
   1 t$="After 1. ..... e8-g8 ..":
   1 t$="Actually, that was not a good move for White to make. You will see why later in the course.":
   1 t$="A simple method of calculating if the king will reach the queening square in time is known as the Rule of the Square.":
   1 t$="A queen can give stalemate without the assisstance of any other piece. Here is an example.":
   1 t$="A potential series of captures. Which move is best for Black? (Consider your choice very carefully).":
   1 t$="A poor move. There is no checkmate, and White gains material with b4-d5.":
   1 t$="A pinned piece is weak, because it cannot move. You will find that pins are very common in Chess games.":
   1 t$="A piece may be en prise for several moves. Sometimes a piece en prise may never be taken.":
   1 t$="A piece is stated to be En Prise if it is on a square where it may be captured by another piece.":
   1 t$="A pawn attack on a pinned piece usually leads to an advantage, since the pinned piece is attacked by a less valuable man.":
   1 t$="A good move, but not the best. Black has captured a pawn, and won the exchange. Watch the sequence."
   1 t$="A bad error. Now play Black's winning move.":
   1 t$="6. A piece may be 'half-pinned'; in this case, it still has some mobility.":
   1 t$="5. A pinned piece can move (except when a king is screened by it), but at the risk of losing the screened piece.":
   1 t$="4. A piece pinned against a king cannot move.":
   1 t$="3. With 1..... h4-e7 the bishop interposes between the queen and the king to stop the check.":
   1 t$="3. Therefore, the unveiling (moving) man may be moved to a square where it is en prise (directly attacked) ...":
   1 t$="3. The screened piece is generally more valuable than the pinned piece (and is therefore more worth saving).":
   1 t$="3. The e2 and h2 pawns have not yet moved, and still have the option to move forward one or two squares.":
   1 t$="3. No piece can interpose between the king and the attacking queen.":
   1 t$="3 Black cannot make any other     move.":
   1 t$="2. a8-b8. Black's next move. In this position, material is level.":
   1 t$="2. White has the option not to capture with the d4 pawn (with d4-c5), and instead can block Black's d6 pawn (with d4-d5).":
   1 t$="2. The knight b1 may capture the Queen a3.":
   1 t$="2. The king cannot move out of check. Moving to h8 or f7 still keeps the king in check from the queen.":
   1 t$="2. Moving the rook nearest to the king to the other side of the king."
   1 t$="2. It is not possible for the defending side to capture both attacking men at once.":
   1 t$="2. A pin is an attack on two pieces along the same line.":
   1 t$="1.Because c2-f5 gains a pawn? 2.Because of the pawn at g7?":
   1 t$="1.....f7-e7 removes the rook away from the attack, which fizzles out.":
   1 t$="1.....a8-b8 counterattacks against the queen.":
   1 t$="1. e2-d2. Stops the check, and attacks the undefended Black queen.":
   1 t$="1. The queen giving check cannot be captured by the king, since it is covered by the bishop b2.":
   1 t$="1. The king may move out of check to any of these four squares.":
   1 t$="1 Black is not in check or mate 2 The king can't move legally":
   1 t$="1 ..... a5-d2. Check. Exchanging the attacking piece.":
   1 t$="..or White can play b4-g4...":
   1 t$="..... or he can move to a safe square. What squares can he safely move to?":
   1 t$="...(except by another knight, of course).":
   1 t$="... without herself being captured.":
   1 t$="... while bishop d6 guards squares f4 & g3.":
   1 t$="... while bishop b7 covers squares h1 & g2.":
   1 t$="... while White's king covers e1 and e2.":
   1 t$="... which gives this man the opportunity to attack a more valuable piece.":
   1 t$="... whereby he loses a queen for a rook.":
   1 t$="... threatening to capture the e6 knight. The knight has no more checks.":
   1 t$="... threatening checkmate by 2. d4-g7.":
   1 t$="... the pinned piece (c5) ...":
   1 t$="... so White wins a queen, and prevents checkmate.":
   1 t$="... or with the b3 bishop.":
   1 t$="... or the king can move to a safe square. What squares are safe for him?"
   1 t$="... or the Black king.":
   1 t$="... now Black captures White's queen ...":
   1 t$="... he loses his queen.":
   1 t$="... capturing Black's queen. How do you think the moves continue (you are Black)?":
   1 t$="... but the best square for the knight g8 is f6; the queen now blocks this move.":
   1 t$="... but not along the f1-a6 diagonal.":
   1 t$="... but loses the rook.":
   1 t$="... but he attacks e4 and h3. Watch."
   1 t$="... but cannot protect the rook.":
   1 t$="... and then captures a knight.":
   1 t$="... and the screened piece (c8).":
   1 t$="... and the queen is captured.":
   1 t$="... and the f8-a3 diagonal for the bishop.":
   1 t$="... and the bishop a7 is defended by the knight c8.":
   1 t$="... and it is White who will win!":
   1 t$="... and gains a rook.":
   1 t$="... and capturing the unmasking piece at the same time.":
   1 t$="... and White wins a rook.":
   1 t$="... and White has lost the queen.":
   1 t$="... and White defends his pawn from attack by the c8 rook. White ends a pawn up.":
   1 t$="... and Black will soon be able to play g8-f6 to chase away the h5 queen.":
   1 t$="... and Black falls into it.":
   1 t$="... and Black cannot defend his rook h8, since he must first parry the check.":
   1 t$="... and 2. d4-b4, White has captured a bishop.":
   1 t$=".. recapturing the bishop. Watch these remaining moves.":
   1 t$=".. leading to 2 a3-d6. White now threatens to capture the rook f8 with bishop d6, another favourable capture.":
   1 t$=".. exchanging rooks.":
   1 t$=".. capturing the pawn.":
   1 t$=".. and the king's inability to escape from behind his pawns.":
   1 t$=".. and Black wins a rook for a knight ....":
   1 t$=".. and Black captures with b8-c8. Black has gained a queen and a rook - and all by doing things in the right order.":
   1 t$=".. White captures the bishop.":
   1 t$="(You need only enter the square you want the knight to move to)":
   1 t$="(The correct move, however, was to remove the threat to the queen with 1 .... e7-d6 ..":
   1 t$=" White to play and checkmate in one move.":
   1 t$=" Whenever you have a choice of possible captures, take the piece of greater value.":
   1 t$=" The moves are recorded by referring to the starting and finishing square for the piece that moves.":
   1 start,ed,e$:
   1 s$(t,zc*v-zb
   1 s$(t,l4)="1":
   1 s$(t,l4)="1"
   1 routines  
   1 r,q;"x to exit":
   1 r,q;"x to exit     ":
   1 r,q;"Your move     "
   1 r,q;"Sequence ended":
   1 r,q;"NOTES.":
   1 r,q;"My move      ":
   1 r,q;"Here is a summary of points to  remember about forks:-":
   1 r,k8;"CHARACTERISTICS":
   1 r$="h7-f5 is a Blunder. It is stalemate, and Black has managed to gain a draw.":
   1 r$="e7-c8 is illegal, because of the exposed check to the king."
   1 r$="With this move, the king can only move to 2 squares.":
   1 r$="Wins exchange ":
   1 r$="Wins a rook":
   1 r$="Wins a pawn. White can either play c6-e5...":
   1 r$="Wins a knight.":
   1 r$="White's pawn on d4 is undefended.":
   1 r$="White has five exchange possibilities. Now play Black, as White demonstates the exchanges."
   1 r$="White has a material advantage.":
   1 r$="White has a better move.":
   1 r$="White has 6 pawns, 2 rooks (both worth 5 pawns), and a bishop (worth 3 pawns). Total 19 pawns value.":
   1 r$="White does not HAVE to capture the Black pawn.":
   1 r$="When you capture, make sure that your opponent cannot reply with a better capture.":
   1 r$="When the unmasking piece (the Black bishop in this example) gives check, the discovery is a powerful weapon.":
   1 r$="Watch White's move, then play Black's move.":
   1 r$="Two of Black's men are en prise.":
   1 r$="Two moves is the minimum.":
   1 r$="Three moves is the minimum.":
   1 r$="This way, Black captures the attacking piece, with a piece of less value.":
   1 r$="This time, the Black king is inside the Square.":
   1 r$="This move opens the way for a fork by Black."
   1 r$="This move is illegal, as the king is in check."
   1 r$="This move is a capture, since a knight has taken a queen. After f3-d2, White has lost a queen for a knight.":
   1 r$="This move exposes the White king to check from bishop g6, and is therefore illegal.":
   1 r$="This knight controls four squares":
   1 r$="This is an example of a 'back rank' mate. It exploits Black's unprotected back rank (rank 8) ...":
   1 r$="This is also a 'back rank mate'. Rank 1 is White's 'back rank'.":
   1 r$="They are both 'white square' bishops, so they can attack each other.":
   1 r$="There are four bishops to start the game, two Black and two White.":
   1 r$="The veiled attack on the queen is discovered by the bishop move, which captures a knight and also attacks the rook b7.":
   1 r$="The threat to Black's king must be removed before any other move can be made."
   1 r$="The squares between the king and rook are empty. Although knight f2 attacks rook h1, this does not stop White castling.":
   1 r$="The squares between king and rook are unoccupied.":
   1 r$="The rook moved across the fourth rank.":
   1 r$="The rook is wholly pinned against the king.":
   1 r$="The rook h1 can castle, despite being attacked by the bishop b7."
   1 r$="The reasoning is the same. Rooks are best employed on open ranks and files, where they have room to move freely.":
   1 r$="The queening square is the one at which a passed pawn will be promoted, unless halted by an enemy piece.":
   1 r$="The queen skewers the rook through the king, which must move.":
   1 r$="The queen is on square f5.":
   1 r$="The queen has the power to attack many pieces at the same time."
   1 r$="The queen attacks simultaneously along rank 4 and a diagonal. Black's pieces are unguarded at the moment.":
   1 r$="The promoted pawn can checkmate in the same move that the promotion takes place.":
   1 r$="The power of the rook is such that he can prevent any pawn safely promoting.":
   1 r$="The pawn moved up the g file.":
   1 r$="The pawn at g7 is shielded by the White knight":
   1 r$="The pawn at f3 protects the White bishop.":
   1 r$="The passed pawn at h2 gives White the better chances.":
   1 r$="The opportunity to capture en passant must be taken immediately the enemy pawn moves two squares forward.":
   1 r$="The knight is a short range piece, and does not have the power to catch both pawns.":
   1 r$="The knight forks the king and the rook - particularly dangerous for Black.":
   1 r$="The knight f2 is attacking square d1; the White king would have to castle through check.":
   1 r$="The knight e8 is protected by bishop g6, while the bishop is itself protected by pawn h7.":
   1 r$="The knight cannot move safely to any other square.":
   1 r$="The king cannot move to rank 4, since these squares are guarded by pawns c5 & d5.":
   1 r$="The king can only move to squares (g7,h7) which are already covered by the queen. Such moves are illegal.":
   1 r$="The king can only escape check by the capture of the queen.":
   1 r$="The g2 knight can move.":
   1 r$="The f7 knight controls 6 squares.":
   1 r$="The earlier queen a5 check has been parried.":
   1 r$="The discovered check from the bishop simultaneously enables White to attack the king and capture the undefended rook.":
   1 r$="The capturing piece always occupies the square of the captured piece.":
   1 r$="The c1 square is attacked by the queen at c7. White would be castling into check.":
   1 r$="The bishop moved along the f1-a6 diagonal.":
   1 r$="The bishop cannot be captured. No piece can interpose.":
   1 r$="The a8 rook has moved to c8. Queenside castling is no longer possible.":
   1 r$="The White rook is pinned.":
   1 r$="The White queen is the pinning piece.":
   1 r$="The White knight can capture one of Blacks men. How?":
   1 r$="The White king is in check to the Black queen a5; it is illegal to castle out of check.":
   1 r$="The White king can now escape, if Black moves b2-b1, by moving f1-e2.":
   1 r$="The White bishop is not defending f3.":
   1 r$="The Black king is outside the Square.":
   1 r$="The Black king is in check. If it were White's move, the king would be captured, which is impossible."
   1 r$="The Black king has moved, to d8.":
   1 r$="The Black bishop g6 stops the king moving to b1 or c2. The Black queen d8 stops him moving to d2.":
   1 r$="Stalemate. The queen prevents the White king from moving, but does not put White into check.":
   1 r$="Stalemate":
   1 r$="Square b8 is occupied by the White bishop.":
   1 r$="She can move in 5 directions from a2 (don't forget a1 and b1 count as directions.)"
   1 r$="Same reason. "+r$:
   1 r$="Remember, a rook is worth five pawns, a bishop three.":
   1 r$="Promoting the White pawn to queen following g7-g8 gives White a winning advantage.":
   1 r$="Pawns move diagonally forward one square when capturing.":
   1 r$="Pawns can never move backwards.":
   1 r$="Once the king has moved, castling is impossible.":
   1 r$="Note that the queen stands on her own colour.":
   1 r$="No Black piece can move. The king cannot move to the g file because of the rook g6."
   1 r$="Never capture when you can checkmate!":
   1 r$="Knight lost":
   1 r$="It is the rook that can move most freely, and cover the most squares.":
   1 r$="It is illegal for kings to stand next to each other, since each would be putting the other into check.":
   1 r$="It is defended by the pawn b4.":
   1 r$="Interposing the bishop at h7 is Black's only move.":
   1 r$="In capturing the White bishop at b8, the rook a8 has moved.":
   1 r$="In capturing the Black queen with the knight, White disclosed bishop g4, which attacks the d1 square.":
   1 r$="In capturing a minor piece, Black has allowed his queen to be captured."
   1 r$="If the White king takes with b1-a2, it is immediate Stalemate!":
   1 r$="If Black had played c6-c4, the b2 knight would have captured the queen (at c4).":
   1 r$="I win":
   1 r$="His bishop is on a light square, but the White king is on a dark square.":
   1 r$="Gives discovered check from the rook d1, and also attacks the Black queen.":
   1 r$="Generally, the queen is most powerful whan positioned in the centre of the board.":
   1 r$="Four of White's men are en prise.":
   1 r$="For which of the following reasons?"::
   1 r$="Five moves are needed. Remember a pawn can move two squares forward on it's first move.":
   1 r$="Even a pawn can give check.":
   1 r$="Each walk takes 7 moves.":
   1 r$="Double check.":
   1 r$="Double check. "+i$
   1 r$="Count up the 'pawn points' value of the remaining material.":
   1 r$="Checkmate.":
   1 r$="Checkmate. The king cannot move, the queen cannot be captured.":
   1 r$="Checkmate. (Black should have moved f6-e4, taking White's knight and blocking the attack from the queen e2.)":
   1 r$="Check. The king and queen are skewered on the diagonal.":
   1 r$="By moving his pawn, Black left square d5 unguarded. The knight d5 now forks the queen,rook and bishop."
   1 r$="Both sides start the game with 8 pawns.":
   1 r$="Black loses.":
   1 r$="Black is attacking four squares.":
   1 r$="Black has the pawn move h6-h5 available."
   1 r$="Black has the crucial advantage of starting. In a race to promote pawns it is vital to be a move ahead of your opponent.":
   1 r$="Black has 6 pawns, and 2 rooks. Total 16 pawns value.":
   1 r$="Black captures the rook (worth 5 pawns) rather than the knight (worth 3 pawns).":
   1 r$="Black captures a knight, but loses his queen.":
   1 r$="Bishop c4 is still attacking g8.":
   1 r$="Bishop c4 is attacking the g8 square; castling into check is not allowed.":
   1 r$="Because the bishop is in the centre of the board, he can move in four directions (along the diagonals a2-g8 and a8-h1)":
   1 r$="Because the White rook is no longer on the d file.":
   1 r$="Because the Black queen is no longer attacking down the d file.":
   1 r$="Because Black will respond with b6-c5 (or d6-c5).":
   1 r$="Any move other than a7-a5 results in a draw.":
   1 r$="Although he can capture the White pawn e3, it is being defended by pawn f2.":
   1 r$="All requirements for castling to be allowed are met.":
   1 r$="After it's first move, a pawn can only move forward one square.":
   1 r$="A pawn which has already moved once cannot be captured en passant.":
   1 r$="A pawn capturing en passant is the exception.":
   1 r$="A pawn can move one square forward.":
   1 r$="A knight must move one square sideways.":
   1 r$="A knight cannot move 3 spaces along.":
   1 r$="A king may not threaten another king, so it cannot move to an adjoining square.":
   1 r$="A draw":
   1 r$="A  queen is worth 8 pawns.":
   1 r$="(e8-e1 would allow the king to capture with f1-e1. A king can capture the piece giving check.)":
   1 q$="b3a6e6e4b7":
   1 q$="By moving his queen next move, White can gain material. Which of these moves is best for White?":
   1 p,q;"Rook forks   ":
   1 p,q;"Queen forks   ":
   1 p,q;"Pawn forks    ":
   1 p,q;"Knight forks  ":
   1 p,q;"King forks    ":
   1 p,q;"Exercise ";ex;" ":
   1 p,q;"Bishop forks  ":
   1 object    
   1 o;"STOP THE TAPE":
   1 o$="pnirqk"
   1 num*zp+3580
   1 num*zp+3435
   1 num*zp+3305
   1 num*t-p);"-";x$(num*t-o
   1 n$=o$(pn)+a$(r
   1 n$=n$+"z"+o$(pn)+a$(o
   1 n$=n$+"w"+o$(pn)+a$(o
   1 n$="z"+o$(pn)+a$(r
   1 n$="x"+a$(r
   1 l3,b3;a$(o
   1 l1=zo+o-i:
   1 k9,q;"She combines the moves of the   Bishop and the Rook; she moves  in straight lines, but this can be along ranks, files or        diagonals."
   1 k9,q;"CHECK occurs when an enemy piecethreatens to capture the King onthe next move.":
   1 k9,q;" 5. The King cannot castle if he    is in Check."
   1 k9,q;" 2. It is the only move in Chess    where two pieces are moved      in a single move."
   1 k8,zp;"LEARN CHESS":
   1 k8,q;"The notation for recording checkis '+' or 'ch' ; for example,   Qa6-a3+ ."
   1 k8,q;"THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS  TAPE IS THE EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY  OF BRAVELINE LTD.":
   1 k8)="knight":
   1 k8)="g7-g5":
   1 k8)="g6-e5":
   1 k8)="d2-c5":
   1 k8)="bishop":
   1 k8)=" rook ":
   1 k7,q;"End of section."
   1 k7,q;"Discovered Check is a particularform of Discovered Attack, wherethe unveiled (stationary) piece - not the (moving) unmasking    piece - gives check."
   1 k7,q;" 1. Each side may castle only       once in each game."
   1 index=t-p*(x$(p)="s"):
   1 index=index+p*(x$(p)="r"):
   1 i;". Rewind the Tape.":
   1 i;". Press Play on your tape         recorder, and wait about ";(g-g1)*2
   1 i;" = ";p$(i,o
   1 i1*zp+1930
   1 i,ze;"                ":
   1 i$="Watch the sequence.":
   1 f$="h6h8":
   1 f$="h6h5":
   1 f$="h4e1":
   1 f$="h2h1g2f1":
   1 f$="h2g1":
   1 f$="g7h7h6":
   1 f$="g6e5":
   1 f$="g5h4d1d8":
   1 f$="g5f6":
   1 f$="g4h3f4f3":
   1 f$="g4h3":
   1 f$="g4d1":
   1 f$="g2f3f5g6":
   1 f$="g2f3e4d5c6b7e7d7c7":
   1 f$="g1g2g6":
   1 f$="f7h8":
   1 f$="f7a5b6e6f6h7e7f8":
   1 f$="f6a1":
   1 f$="f5c8":
   1 f$="f4e4d4c4b4e3d2e5d6c7f5f6f7g3":
   1 f$="f4c7":
   1 f$="f2h1":
   1 f$="f2d1":
   1 f$="f1e2":
   1 f$="e8g6h7":
   1 f$="e8f8g8":
   1 f$="e8e7e6e5e4e3e2d5c6b7":
   1 f$="e8d8":
   1 f$="e8a8":
   1 f$="e4e8":
   1 f$="e4e5":
   1 f$="e3f2":
   1 f$="e2d6e8":
   1 f$="e1a5":
   1 f$="d8h8":
   1 f$="d8d6e5g5h6h8":
   1 f$="d5c7e7f6":
   1 f$="d5c6b7a8e4f3g2h1c4b3a2e6f7g8":
   1 f$="d4c4b4e5f6g7h8":
   1 f$="d4a1h8":
   1 f$="c7a8e8"
   1 f$="c6e4h1":
   1 f$="c5g1":
   1 f$="c4d4e4":
   1 f$="c4b2":
   1 f$="c1c7":
   1 f$="b8e8h8":
   1 f$="b7h4":
   1 f$="b7h1":
   1 f$="b2c3d4e5f6g7h8c2e1":
   1 f$="b1a2":
   1 f$="a8b8":
   1 f$="a5b4e5g5":
   1 f$="a4b3c2f2h3g3d1a1f3":
   1 f$="a3b5":
   1 f$="a1c1":
   1 e;"correct":
   1 e,q;"The knight is the only piece on the Chessboard which can jump   over other men."
   1 e,q;"Perpetual check occurs when one side is able to continue giving check to the opposing king      indefinitely.":
   1 e,q;"If all this sounds a little     complicated, it may help you to remember if you know that the   rule was invented to prevent a  pawn escaping capture from an   attacking pawn by moving forwardtwo spaces on it's first move.":
   1 e,q;"En passant is a form of         capturing that only takes place between pawns. The rules are:"
   1 e,q;"An exchange takes place when,   on consecutive moves, two men ofequal value are captured, (one  by each player).":
   1 e,q;"Although the pawn is the weakestunit on the Chessboard, this    ability to promote it greatly   increases it's worth, especiallyin the end-game, when few piecesand pawns remain on the board."
   1 e,q;" 3. The pawn must be captured       immediately following it's      first move."
   1 e,q;"  4. A pawn may capture a pawn       or a piece of the opposite      colour, but to do this it       must move DIAGONALLY            forward one square.             Pieces directly in front        of it are not threatened        by it."
   1 e);"-";a$(k7
   1 d;" Try    ":
   1 d,r;".....":
   1 d,q;"You also need to understand whatis meant by Check, and the      different forms it can take."
   1 d,q;"When a piece or pawn attacks    more than one enemy man at a    time, it is said to be forking  the enemy men."
   1 d,q;"The rules for Castling are:"
   1 d,q;"The concept of Capturing (or    taking) has already been        introduced. This section        examines capturing in more      detail."
   1 d,q;"The Rook is, like the Bishop, a long range piece. The main      difference is that it moves     straight along files or ranks.  It cannot move diagonally."
   1 d,q;"The Queen is the most powerful  and manouverable piece on the   Board."
   1 d,q;"The Pawn is known as the foot-  soldier of the Chess board. It  has some unique characteristics which distinguish it from the   pieces."
   1 d,q;"The King is the most important  piece on the Board. When you    lose your King, you lose the    game."
   1 d,q;"The Bishop is a long range piecewhich can travel from one cornerof the board to the other in onemove."
   1 d,q;"REMEMBER:":
   1 d,q;"Illegal move  ":
   1 d,q;"Another type of Double Attack isthe Discovered Attack.":
   1 d,q;"4. The defending side must not     be able to defend both pieces":
   1 d,q;" 4. Just because it is possible     to put the opposing king        into check, this does not       mean that it is a good idea     to do so. Take each position    on it's own merit."
   1 d,q;" 1 ..... g8-h8":
   1 c$="060pqh8":
   1 c$="060pqh1061pqa8":
   1 c$="060pqe1":
   1 c$="060pqa1":
   1 c$="051pqa8060pqh1":
   1 c$="050c":
   1 c$="041m":
   1 c$="041c051c061c":
   1 c$="031c041c051c061c071c081c091c101c":
   1 c$="031c041c":
   1 c$="030m":
   1 c$="030c":
   1 c$="021xe5":
   1 c$="021c040c050c":
   1 c$="021c040c":
   1 c$="021c031c041c"
   1 c$="021c":
   1 c$="020c030s":
   1 c$="020c030d040c050m":
   1 c$="020c030c040c":
   1 c$="011pqa8":
   1 c$="011c021m":
   1 c$="011c021c031c":
   1 c$="010xe4":
   1 c$="000pqh8":
   1 c$="000pqd8":
   1 c$(cc+r)="s"
   1 c$(cc+r)="m"
   1 c$(cc+r)="d"
   1 c$(cc+r)="c"
   1 c$(cc+p)=b1
   1 b2)+s$(o,b2+r
   1 a7+k8*(k8-
   1 a$=x$(v*t+p
   1 a$=x$(u*t+o
   1 a$=x$(num*t-r
   1 a$=v$+"xh1":
   1 a$=v$+"wqa6xa5":
   1 a$=v$(u11-zp)+v$(u11-k7
   1 a$=r$+a$(p
   1 a$=m$(o,zh
   1 a$=c$(cc+t)+c$(cc+d
   1 a$="zrb4":
   1 a$="zqe5":
   1 a$="zqc3":
   1 a$="zqc1":
   1 a$="zpa7b6c5d6e7f6":
   1 a$="zif1":
   1 a$="zid5":
   1 a$="xh7h5qe4zkg8":
   1 a$="xg4zpg5":
   1 a$="xg1rh1":
   1 a$="xg1id4re1zqg3":
   1 a$="xg1b1kf1zrb2":
   1 a$="xf6zqd8":
   1 a$="xf5zie6":
   1 a$="xf4g7id4zqg3":
   1 a$="xf3nd3d4zre7":
   1 a$="xf2zne4":
   1 a$="xf2zid8":
   1 a$="xf1f7re1znd6":
   1 a$="xe8re4":
   1 a$="xe7zqd8":
   1 a$="xe7zih4":
   1 a$="xe7qg6zrf7nh5":
   1 a$="xe7nd4zkd8pe6":
   1 a$="xe4id3":
   1 a$="xe4ic2":
   1 a$="xe4f3nd4zre7":
   1 a$="xe3f4re1zqg3":
   1 a$="xe3f3pf2zre7":
   1 a$="xe2if3qd1znc3":
   1 a$="xd8qd7":
   1 a$="xd8pd7":
   1 a$="xd7b8qd2zka7":
   1 a$="xd6pe5zqd7":
   1 a$="xd2ke1qd1znc3":
   1 a$="xd2a7qd7zkb8":
   1 a$="xc7nb5zqd7":
   1 a$="xc4b8qf4zrc8":
   1 a$="xc3znd5":
   1 a$="xc3nb1":
   1 a$="xc3f4h1id4re1zqg3id5":
   1 a$="xb3na1":
   1 a$="xb3e7qb1zrf7":
   1 a$="xa1c1qd2zra2":
   1 a$="x"+c$(cc+t
   1 a$="white":
   1 a$="rh1zqd5":
   1 a$="rg5h2ia4f8nb8c1":
   1 a$="rf7zkf6":
   1 a$="re6zne3":
   1 a$="rd5zqc6":
   1 a$="rd5nb2xd8qc4zrb8c8qc6":
   1 a$="rc1nc7zqb6":
   1 a$="rb4nc6zne5rg4":
   1 a$="ra7xf7zib3":
   1 a$="ra1zpb2":
   1 a$="ra1zpa7b7c7d7e7":
   1 a$="ra1h1zra8h8":
   1 a$="ra1h1ke1zra8h8ke8":
   1 a$="qh5zpf7zng8xf6":
   1 a$="qh5xg6zpe5g7":
   1 a$="qf2zib4d7":
   1 a$="qe7zke8":
   1 a$="qe6rb3znc6":
   1 a$="qe4kg1pa2b3f2g2h3zkg8qc7rd2ib8pa6b7g7":
   1 a$="qd2zne4":
   1 a$="qd2xg2e1zqf3re4":
   1 a$="qd1xf3":
   1 a$="qd1xe2znc3":
   1 a$="qc4rc1d5zia6qc6rb8c8":
   1 a$="qc3zpg7":
   1 a$="qb5znc3":
   1 a$="qb4zkh8ph6g6":
   1 a$="qb1xf5zid7":
   1 a$="qb1xe8zid7nh5":
   1 a$="qb1xb8zpa6ra8":
   1 a$="qa3znb1":
   1 a$="pf5zpe7":
   1 a$="pe5zpd6":
   1 a$="pe4zpc6":
   1 a$="pe4xe5zkf6":
   1 a$="pe4nd5zib3":
   1 a$="pd4zpb6":
   1 a$="pc5rb2zib7rc8":
   1 a$="pc3f2g3kd2ne4zpb6c4f5g7h6nb5kg8":
   1 a$="pb6qf2zpb7":
   1 a$="pb5e5e3f2nd4kc1zpb6e6nd5kh8":
   1 a$="pb4if4zpc5ib7xd6d5":
   1 a$="pb3h5rb2ke2zpb7b6h6ka7":
   1 a$="pb2zra5nc5":
   1 a$="pb2ie1xc3zrc8":
   1 a$="pa4c2c6g4h3re6kg1zph7ne3e8ig6rc4ka8":
   1 a$="pa3e5f2g2h2nb5id4b3rb1c1qb2kg1zpa7b6f7g7h7nc6ie7e6rc8d8qd7kg8"
   1 a$="pa3c4d4e2f5h2":
   1 a$="pa3b5c3e2f2g3h2nc4ig5ra1h1qa2ke1zpa5b6c7f7g7h7ig6ra8e8qd5kg8":
   1 a$="pa2zph7":
   1 a$="pa2d2f3g3h2nc3ie2rf1qb1kh1zpa6d6f6g7h6nc8h5ia7d7ra8f7kh8":
   1 a$="pa2c2e3f2g3h2na1b6ib2g2re2qg1kb1zpa6b7d6e5f5g5h5ng4f3ic6c7ra7qc8kh6":
   1 a$="pa2b3c4e2kh6zpa3b4c5e3ra8kh8":
   1 a$="pa2b2e3h5if1rh1a1qd1ke1zpd7f5a5rf8c8qd8kg8":
   1 a$="nh5zpg6":
   1 a$="nh1pa6b5c3d5e4f5g3h5zpa7b6c4d6e5f6g4h6":
   1 a$="nf4xh5":
   1 a$="nf4xd5":
   1 a$="nd6ia3xg8d5zrf8nc3ie7":
   1 a$="nd5zqc7re7":
   1 a$="nd4zrf3":
   1 a$="nd4zpe6":
   1 a$="nd4zpc6ib5":
   1 a$="nd4zib5pc6":
   1 a$="nd4pe4zke6":
   1 a$="nd2xf3a8zrb8":
   1 a$="nb6zqc8":
   1 a$="nb4xd5zif7":
   1 a$="nb2rc4zrc8b8qd5xc6d8":
   1 a$="nb1zpa7h7":
   1 a$="nb1g1znb8g8":
   1 a$="na3d2zng7g6":
   1 a$="na1d5kd1zkg8nh4f7":
   1 a$="n"+x$(u*p-o
   1 a$="n"+a$(r
   1 a$="kh4zkg6ib7":
   1 a$="kh4zkg6ib6":
   1 a$="kh2zkf4qg7":
   1 a$="kh1qc8ra6re4ih5zke8qg6ic6nd8e7":
   1 a$="kg2rb1ne6pd5f4g3zkf6ra2ne2pd6f5g6":
   1 a$="kg2qd1ra1f1ia3e2nc4f3pa4b3c2f2g3h3zkh8qe8ra7f8ib7e7nd5f6pa5b6e6f7g7h7":
   1 a$="kg2ib2nd4pb3f3e4zkh8id3re1pb5f7c5":
   1 a$="kg1zkg3qh4":
   1 a$="kg1rf4h3id3d2pb5d5g2zkd6ra3g8if8ng5pb6e5h7":
   1 a$="kg1re4pf2g2h2zkg8rb2pf7g7h7":
   1 a$="kg1re1qc7id5pa2c4f2g2h6zkf8qg5rg8ic8pa7f6f7h7":
   1 a$="kg1ra1nd4pa2b2f2h2zkd8rf3ib5pc6e6g7h6":
   1 a$="kg1ra1nc1zkb7pb2":
   1 a$="kg1qh5ra1f1ic4e3nc3pa2b2c2d4f2g2h2zke8qd8ra8h8id7e7nc6pa6b5c7f7g7h7d6":
   1 a$="kg1qh3ib1nc3e2pa2b2f2g2h2zkg8qd7rf8ib7b4ne7pa7b6f7g7h7":
   1 a$="kg1qg2rd1e4pa2b5f2h2zkb7qf5rg8g7pa7b6c5h6":
   1 a$="kg1qg2rc1d1ie2nf4pa2c4f2g3h2zkg8qf6rc8c7ie7nc5pa5b4e6f7g7h6":
   1 a$="kg1qf5pa2b3c4d5e4h3zkg3ng2pa3b4c5d6e5h4":
   1 a$="kg1qf4ra1f1nf3g3pb2b4f2g2h2zke8qb5rc8h8id5nf6pa6b7e6f7g7h7":
   1 a$="kg1qf3ie3zkg5qg8if4pe5g3":
   1 a$="kg1qf2rc1pa6g2h2zka8qd2ie3nd5pa7g5h5":
   1 a$="kg1qe2rb1nd5pc4f2g2h3zkg8qd8re8ie6pb7f7g7h6":
   1 a$="kg1qe1rf1ie2nc3f3pa3b2c2e4f2g2h2zkg8qc7rd8ib7f8nc6pa6b5e6f7f6h7":
   1 a$="kg1qd2rc1f1ib1g5ne5f3pa3b2d4e3f2g2h2zkg8qa5ra8c8id8e8nd7e4pa6b7d5e6f7g7h7":
   1 a$="kg1qd2pc4g3h2zka7qf3ra2e4pa6b6g6h7":
   1 a$="kg1qd1rd2f1if4b1pa2b3c4f3f2g2zkc8qg7rf8g8ib7f6pa7b6c5f7h4":
   1 a$="kg1qd1ra1f1ie2g3nb1pa2b2c2e3f2g2h2zke8qd8ra8h8id7b4ne7pa7c6d5e6f7g6h7":
   1 a$="kg1qd1id3pb2c2f2g2h3zkh8qd7nb6pb5c5f7g7h7":
   1 a$="kg1qc4rd5c1nb2ph2g2zkh8qc6rc8b8ia6pg7h7":
   1 a$="kg1qc3rd1d2ib2nd6pa2b3e6g3h2zkg8rf8ib7ng5pa7b6c5g7h7":
   1 a$="kg1qc2rd1e1ib1e3nf1f3pa3b2c3d4e5f4g2h2zkg8qd8rb8f8id7e7na4c6pa5b5c4d5e6f7g7h7":
   1 a$="kg1qc2ra1ie3pa3b4e4f2g2h3zkg8qe7rc8ic7pa7b6e6f7g7h6":
   1 a$="kg1qb7pa2b3c4d5e4h3zkg5pa3b4c5d6e5h4":
   1 a$="kg1qa5id5zka8pa6b7":
   1 a$="kg1qa4re1ib2pa2f2g2h2zkg8qc8ra7nd7pa5f7g7h7":
   1 a$="kg1qa4re1d1id2na5c3pa2b2f2g2zkd8qh4ra8h8ia6g7ng4pb6c7e7f7":
   1 a$="kg1qa3zkf8ih4nb1":
   1 a$="kg1pg2zqh4":
   1 a$="kg1ne5pf2h2zkh8rg8zpg7h7":
   1 a$="kf7qg7zkh8":
   1 a$="kf6qe6zkf8":
   1 a$="kf4rh7pg4zkf6qe6ig6":
   1 a$="kf3qb5ra1f2ic1nb4pa3e3g2h2zkh8rg8id6f7nc3pa7g5h6":
   1 a$="kf2rd1pa3b4f4g2h2zkg8rf7pa7d5f6g7h6":
   1 a$="kf2rb2if4pb4f3g2h2zke8rc8ib7pc5f7g7h6":
   1 a$="kf1zkb7re8":
   1 a$="kf1rb4nc6pe5f2zkh7rg4nc4pg7h6":
   1 a$="kf1rb4ie2pc2g3h2zkh7rd8nh5pc5g7h6":
   1 a$="kf1pb3c4e3zkf8pa7d5e6":
   1 a$="kf1nd3d4ph2g2f2b2a2zkg8re7pa7b7f7g7h7":
   1 a$="kf1ic4pd5zkg8rc7nd4pc5":
   1 a$="ke6pa7zke8":
   1 a$="ke5pf4zkg6":
   1 a$="ke4zka8":
   1 a$="ke3qh6zkh8ib2g8":
   1 a$="ke2rf1pg2zkh8nh5pg7":
   1 a$="ke2rc1zkc8ic5":
   1 a$="ke1zqd2":
   1 a$="ke1xf1qd1zne4":
   1 a$="ke1ra4zkb7rg4pc4":
   1 a$="ke1qe2ra1h1ic4b8nf3pa2b2e4f2g2h2zke8qa5ra8h8ig4nf6pa7b7c6d4g7h7":
   1 a$="ke1qd2rd1h1id3e3nc3g1pa2b2c2d4e4f4g2h2zkf8qd8ra8h8ib7h6nb8f6pa7b6c7d6e6f7g6h7":
   1 a$="ke1qd1rc1h1id2f3nb5pa2b2d4e4f2g2h2zke8qb6ra8h8ig7nd7f6pa7b7d6e7f7g6h7":
   1 a$="ke1qd1ra1h1if3pa3b2c4d4f2g3h3zkg8qe7ra8f8ne4pa7b7c7d6f7g7h6":
   1 a$="ke1qb3ra1h1id2e2nf4pa2b2c4e3g2h2zke8qh4rc8h8ic5f5nf2pa7b7e4f7g7h7":
   1 a$="ke1qa4ra1h1ie2e3ne5pa2b2f4f2g3h2zkd8qc7ra8h8ib7e7nf6pa7b6e6f7g7h7"
   1 a$="kd6qc6ph4zkd8ph6":
   1 a$="kd5pc5f3zke5pc7f4":
   1 a$="kd4ph7zkf7pa2":
   1 a$="kd3rd2nf5pc2zkg8qg3ig6pc5d5":
   1 a$="kd2rg6nd3pb5c6d5h5zkf1na8pb6c7d6h6":
   1 a$="kd1qe2zka8":
   1 a$="kd1ic1zkc5qf8":
   1 a$="kc2qc4rh8nf6pa4f7zkg7qa3rd1nb3pb4c3h7"
   1 a$="kc2qb1rd1pa3b2e4f3g2h2zkb8rc7ic6d4pa7b7e5f7g7h7":
   1 a$="kc1qe2rd1h1ia3nc3pa2b2b3f2g2h2zke6qd8ra8h8ig6nb8e5pa7b7c7g7h7":
   1 a$="kc1qc3rh8if4pa2b2c2e5nf6zkc7qb6ra8ib7nc6pa7f7"
   1 a$="kb7zpa7":
   1 a$="kb7zkh1pa7":
   1 a$="kb2re1ia4d4nh6pa3b3c2zkf8qg3rb8nd6id5pa6c7e7":
   1 a$="kb1ra7ie1nf4pb2e4zkf6rc8ib3ng5pd6g6":
   1 a$="kb1qf2rg5nd2b5id4pa3b2c2h6zkg8qe6pa4b6g6h7":
   1 a$="ka1zqb3kh8":
   1 a$="ka1qh5re1ic4pa2f5g2h2zkg8qe8rb8ie7pa7f7h7g7":
   1 a$="ka1qd6rh1ih5pa2b2c2d7f2g2h2zkg8qe4ra8nb4pa7b7f6g7h7":
   1 a$="ka1pb4zkg7":
   1 a$="ka1pb4zkf7":
   1 a$="ig2zrh6":
   1 a$="id5zkg8ra8":
   1 a$="ic2pb3f3zic6":
   1 a$="ic2nf6pb3g7b2f2kd1zkb8id4c6pb7c5f5a7d6":
   1 a$="ic1xd2ne5zqa5":
   1 a$="ic1nc6zrf4":
   1 a$="ic1f1":
   1 a$="h8f8":
   1 a$="h8f7":
   1 a$="h7h3":
   1 a$="h7g5":
   1 a$="h7d3":
   1 a$="h6h5h4h3g2f1":
   1 a$="h5h6h7h8d3e4f5g6c5":
   1 a$="h5e5":
   1 a$="h4h2h1f2":
   1 a$="h4e7":
   1 a$="h3g5":
   1 a$="h3g4f5e6d7":
   1 a$="h2h3h4h5h6h7h8":
   1 a$="h1g2b7":
   1 a$="h1f1":
   1 a$="g8h8":
   1 a$="g8g4":
   1 a$="g8f6h5":
   1 a$="g8f6":
   1 a$="g7c3":
   1 a$="g7b2":
   1 a$="g6h5":
   1 a$="g6f7h5":
   1 a$="g5h3":
   1 a$="g4h3g3":
   1 a$="g4c6e6h3":
   1 a$="g3h2g2g1":
   1 a$="g3f4":
   1 a$="g3d3":
   1 a$="g2g6":
   1 a$="g1h3":
   1 a$="g1g3g7":
   1 a$="f8g8":
   1 a$="f8f4":
   1 a$="f8f1f2":
   1 a$="f8e7d6c5b4a3":
   1 a$="f7g7h7":
   1 a$="f7f5h7":
   1 a$="f7e8":
   1 a$="f7e7":
   1 a$="f6h5":
   1 a$="f6f7":
   1 a$="f6e5":
   1 a$="f4d4h6":
   1 a$="f3g2":
   1 a$="f1a6":
   1 a$="e8f7g7g8":
   1 a$="e8e7e6e5e4e3e2"
   1 a$="e8d6":
   1 a$="e7f7g7a7":
   1 a$="e7e6":
   1 a$="e7d6":
   1 a$="e7a3":
   1 a$="e6g7":
   1 a$="e6f4":
   1 a$="e6e7e8f7g8":
   1 a$="e6c6":
   1 a$="e5f6g7h8":
   1 a$="e5f4":
   1 a$="e5e6e7e8d5c5b5a5f5g5h5e4e3e2e1f6g7h8d6c7b8f4g3h2d4c3b2a1"
   1 a$="e5e4d4":
   1 a$="e4f5":
   1 a$="e4d5":
   1 a$="e2h2":
   1 a$="e2d2":
   1 a$="e1e8":
   1 a$="e1d2e2":
   1 a$="d8e7f6g5h4":
   1 a$="d8e7":
   1 a$="d8c7b6e8f8":
   1 a$="d7f7":
   1 a$="d7f5":
   1 a$="d7f3f7":
   1 a$="d7d8":
   1 a$="d6f8":
   1 a$="d6f7":
   1 a$="d6f4g3":
   1 a$="d6e5":
   1 a$="d6c5c8c7c6":
   1 a$="d5e3c3b4b6c7e7f4f6":
   1 a$="d5e1h6":
   1 a$="d5d6d7d1":
   1 a$="d5d6":
   1 a$="d5c7e7":
   1 a$="d5c6b7a8e6f7g8":
   1 a$="d4e6":
   1 a$="d4e5f6g7":
   1 a$="d4d6":
   1 a$="d4d5e4e5":
   1 a$="d4b4d7":
   1 a$="d4b4":
   1 a$="d4b3e6":
   1 a$="d3h7":
   1 a$="d3f2":
   1 a$="d3e4":
   1 a$="d3a3":
   1 a$="d2d3d4d5d6d7d8g6f5e4d3c2b1":
   1 a$="d2a5":
   1 a$="d1e2f3g4h5f1e2d3c4b5a6":
   1 a$="c8c5":
   1 a$="c8c3":
   1 a$="c8a7":
   1 a$="c6b5":
   1 a$="c5g1":
   1 a$="c5f6g5":
   1 a$="c5c8":
   1 a$="c5"+q$(v*2
   1 a$="c4g8":
   1 a$="c4d5e6f7h5g6":
   1 a$="c4c8":
   1 a$="c4c6":
   1 a$="c4c1c6":
   1 a$="c3g7":
   1 a$="c3e5":
   1 a$="c3e3g3":
   1 a$="c3e2e4":
   1 a$="c3d2f2g3":
   1 a$="c3d1":
   1 a$="c1f4":
   1 a$="c1c8":
   1 a$="c1c4":
   1 a$="c1c2c3c4c5c6c7":
   1 a$="c1b2a3d2e3f4g5h6":
   1 a$="black"
   1 a$="b8c8":
   1 a$="b7c5":
   1 a$="b7a8d5":
   1 a$="b7a7":
   1 a$="b7a6":
   1 a$="b6f8d6e7c5f8":
   1 a$="b6f3e4d5c6b7a8":
   1 a$="b5c6":
   1 a$="b4g4":
   1 a$="b4d5":
   1 a$="b4b5c5d5e5d3f3e6g6g3"
   1 a$="b4a5c5":
   1 a$="b3f7":
   1 a$="b3d5":
   1 a$="b2c4":
   1 a$="b2c3d4e5f6g7h8":
   1 a$="b2c3":
   1 a$="b2c2d2d3d4d5d6e6f6g6h6":
   1 a$="b2c1":
   1 a$="b2b7":
   1 a$="b2b4b7":
   1 a$="b2b4":
   1 a$="b2b3b4b5b6b7":
   1 a$="b1b2b8":
   1 a$="b1a3":
   1 a$="a8d8":
   1 a$="a7g7d4":
   1 a$="a5d2":
   1 a$="a5c5":
   1 a$="a5b4c3d2e1b5c5d5e5":
   1 a$="a4b4c4d4e4f4g4h4":
   1 a$="a3f8":
   1 a$="a3d6":
   1 a$="a3b4c5d6e7f8":
   1 a$="a2c4":
   1 a$="a2b3c4d5e6f7g8":
   1 a$="a2b2c2d2e2f2g2f4":
   1 a$="a2b2b1":
   1 a$="a2a3a4a5a6a7a8":
   1 a$="a1d1":
   1 a$="a1c1":
   1 a$="a1b1b2c2d2e2f2g2h2b3c4d5e6f7g8a3a4a5a6a7a8":
   1 a$="a1a8h1h8":
   1 a$="9105h8g8":
   1 a$="9105h7h6":
   1 a$="9105f4c4":
   1 a$="9105e8d8"
   1 a$="9105e4g5":
   1 a$="9105e2f4":
   1 a$="9105d8d1":
   1 a$="9105d8c8":
   1 a$="9105d7d6":
   1 a$="9105d7d5":
   1 a$="9105d7c7":
   1 a$="9105c8c4":
   1 a$="9105c6d4":
   1 a$="9105c4c3":
   1 a$="9105b6c7":
   1 a$="1h4e3d4d6e7g7h6g3":
   1 a$="1f3e5":
   1 a$="1d7e6g6h7":
   1 a$="1d1d5":
   1 a$="1b8b7b6b5b4c4d4e4f4f5f6f7f8e8d8c8":
   1 a$="1a8h8":
   1 a$="1a4c4d3d1":
   1 a$="1a2e2":
   1 a$="1a1a8d4":
   1 a$="1"+r$:
   1 a$="1"+a$:
   1 a$="0f3e5":
   1 a$="0d1d5":
   1 a$="0a8h8":
   1 a$="0a2e2":
   1 a$="0a1a8d4":
   1 a$="0805e1g1":
   1 a$="0610f1d1":
   1 a$="0610d1e2":
   1 a$="0509e8f6":
   1 a$="0408e2f3":
   1 a$="0307d1h5":
   1 a$="0307c5f5":
   1 a$="0307a3e7":
   1 a$="0206h5c5":
   1 a$="0206g5h4":
   1 a$="0206g2f3":
   1 a$="0206f4d6":
   1 a$="0206f3g5":
   1 a$="0206f2f3":
   1 a$="0206f1c4":
   1 a$="0206d6e8":
   1 a$="0206d6c7":
   1 a$="0206d5a8":
   1 a$="0206d4c6":
   1 a$="0206d4a7":
   1 a$="0206c7a8":
   1 a$="0206c3d1":
   1 a$="0206c2e1":
   1 a$="0206c1c7":
   1 a$="0206a4g4":
   1 a$="0206a3f8":
   1 a$="0205g1h2":
   1 a$="0205f2e3":
   1 a$="0205e1f2":
   1 a$="0205d4f3":
   1 a$="0205c6e5":
   1 a$="0205b4g4":
   1 a$="0105h7h8":
   1 a$="0105g2g4":
   1 a$="0105g2c6":
   1 a$="0105f2f6":
   1 a$="0105f2d4":
   1 a$="0105e4d2":
   1 a$="0105e2f3":
   1 a$="0105e2e4":
   1 a$="0105e1c1"
   1 a$="0105d5d6":
   1 a$="0105d3b5":
   1 a$="0105c4d6":
   1 a$="0105c4d5":
   1 a$="0105c1a3":
   1 a$="0105b4c5":
   1 a$="0105b2b4":
   1 a$="0105b1b7":
   1 a$="0105a4d4":
   1 a$="0010g7g6":
   1 a$="0009g7f6":
   1 a$="0008a7e7":
   1 a$="0007g8f6":
   1 a$="0007b7f3":
   1 a$="0006f8c5":
   1 a$="0006f4d5":
   1 a$="0006e5e4":
   1 a$="0006d8g5"
   1 a$="0006d7d8":
   1 a$="0006c3d1":
   1 a$="0005g8g7":
   1 a$="0005g4b4":
   1 a$="0005f5b1":
   1 a$="0005e8g8":
   1 a$="0005e8c8":
   1 a$="0005e6d5":
   1 a$="0005e5g4":
   1 a$="0005d7f6":
   1 a$="0005d5c3":
   1 a$="0005c8c2":
   1 a$="0005c5d5":
   1 a$="0005b7d5":
   1 a$="0"+v$(2
   1 a$="0"+q$:
   1 a$="0"+a$(o
   1 a$(p*i-o)-97
   1 a$(p*i+o):
   1 a$(l9)="x"
   1 a$(l1+o)+u*
   1 a$(l1)="z"
   1 a$(l1)="w"
   1 a$(l1)=" "
   1 a$(l1)<123
   1 a$(l1)<105
   1 a$(l+o)*k8)
   1 Part5     
   1 Part4     
   1 Part3     
   1 Part2     
   1 Part1     ?OP
   1 LearnChess;
   1 It's path to the back rank is not blocked or threatened by enemy pawns, either on it's own file or on the files next to it.!
   1 ;"UNAUTHORISED USAGE, COPYING,    PUBLICATION OR REPLICATION OF   THE MATERIAL IS AN INFRINGEMENT OF THE COPYRIGHT.":
   1 ;"This load takes about 2 minutes."
   1 ;"Loading Master Routines."
   1 ;". After the program has loaded,   there will be a 30 second       delay before it runs. During    this time, the material you     have selected is being          merged with the Master          routines."
   1 ;")       pressing Fast Forward (for no   more than ";(g-g1-1
   1 ;" seconds), stopping  the tape, then pressing Play.":
   1 ;" ..... ";
   1 ;"       All Rights Reserved":
   1 ,q;"(Enter 0 to leave this section.)":
   1 ,q;"  1. It always moves forward,        never back."
   1 ,"White to play and checkmate.",3545
   1 ,"The Board, Starting Play,       Pawns ,and Knights","Bishops, Rooks, Queen, King     and Castling Introduction","Castling Exercises, Check,      Checkmate and Stalemate         Introduction","Stalemate Exercises, Perpetual  Check, Capture, and Pins","Forks, Double Attacks, and      Skewers"
   1 ,"Part 4","STALEMATE - EXERCISES","STALEMATE","PERPETUAL CHECK","PERPET. CHECK","CAPTURING - 2","z","EN PRISE","z","EXCHANGING","z","TACTICS - INTRODUCTION","TACTICS","PINS","z"
   1 ,"Part 3","CASTLING - EXERCISES","CASTLING","CHECK","z","CHECKMATE","z","STALEMATE - INTRODUCTION","STALEMATE"
   1 ,"Part 2","THE BISHOP","z","THE ROOK","z","THE QUEEN","z","THE KING","z","CASTLING - INTRODUCTION","CASTLING"
   1 ,"Part 1","THE BOARD","z","STARTING PLAY","z","THE PAWN-BASIC","z","EN PASSANT","z","PAWN PROMOTION","z","THE KNIGHT","z"
   1 ,"PART 5","FORKS","z","DISCOVERED ATTACK","DISC. ATTACK","DISCOVERED CHECK","DISC. CHECK","DOUBLE CHECK","z","SKEWER","z"
   1 )="third":
   1 )="the other":
   1 )="second":
   1 )="ra1h1zra8h8":
   1 )="queen":
   1 )="qd1zqd8":
   1 )="pa2b2c2d2e2f2g2h2zpa7b7c7d7e7f7g7h7":
   1 )="nb1g1znb8g8":
   1 )="knight":
   1 )="ke1zke8"
   1 )="ic1f1zic8f8":
   1 )="h7a7h5a5h4a4h3a3h2a2h1a1":
   1 )="first":
   1 )="e4-e6":
   1 )="e4-e3":
   1 )="bishop":
   1 )="b3d4d4b5a6c7c7b5e6c7c7b5e4d6d6b5b7d6d6b5":
   1 )="White's rook is on the same colour square as Black's bishop.":
   1 )="White's pieces are on the same colour as Black's c6 bishop.":
   1 )="White's bishop is on the same diagonal as the Black king":
   1 )="White must counterattack.":
   1 )="Two of Black's pieces are temporarily undefended."
   1 )="There is a veiled attack on White's queen.":
   1 )="The only Black piece able to move is the queen.":
   1 )="The knight check a5-c6 gets White nowhere after d8-c8.":
   1 )="The key lies in 'losing' the queen.":
   1 )="The White queen is on the same diagonal as the Black king.":
   1 )="The Black rook is on the same file as White's king."
   1 )="The Black king is exposed on rank 7."
   1 )="Hint: look for a combination of the b1 bishop and the queen.":
   1 )="Black's rook is undefended.":
   1 )="Black's rook has a hidden attack on the queen.":
   1 )="Black's queen is on the same colour square as White's bishop.":
   1 )="Black's last move leaves his back rank weak.":
   1 )=" next "
   1 (x$(r)="d"
   1 (x$(d)="w"
   1 (x$(d)="b"
   1 (u$(g+(t-g)*(g-g1=o)*(h=o),i)):
   1 (o*(l6=k7))
   1 (n$(p))*zf
   1 (a$)-o)/p:
   1 (a$(p*i-o))-97
   1 (a$(p*i)))*k8+
   1 (a$(l))-96
   1 "you want :-":
   1 "x for solution":
   1 "x for solution"
   1 "visited ";a$(r
   1 "takes 13 moves"
   1 "routines"
   1 "responses     ":
   1 "position":
   1 "or   n for no ":
   1 "diagonal":
   1 "answer is ";x$;"   "
   1 "again, or type":
   1 "again ,or type":
   1 "a White pawn. ":
   1 "Which section of this program do":
   1 "Unlike the pawn, it can move    backwards as well as forwards."
   1 "Try again     ":
   1 "This occurs when two men work   together to attack at least two targets."
   1 "The notation for Checkmate is   'ch. mt.', or 'mate', or '++'.":
   1 "The 4 main types of tactics are:":
   1 "Tactics can be used during any  phase of a game."
   1 "One of the enemy men has to     move, and the other is captured.":
   1 "NOTE:If you're confident enough,you can locate the program more quickly by (after Step ";i-1
   1 "Like Stalemate, it can thereforebe used as a tactic to gain a   draw if you are behind in       material.":
   1 "It can do this because of it's  unusual move - one square along and one square diagonally, or toput it another way, two squares along and one square sideways."
   1 "Introductory Course.",5
   1 "Discovered attack is related to Discovered Check and Double     Check, both of which are        discussed later.":
   1 "Checkmate is also known as      'mate'."
   1 "CHECKMATE. The purpose of the   game is to Checkmate your       opponent's King. It occurs when capture of the King cannot be   avoided.":
   1 "As a general guide, a Rook is   worth 5 pawns."
   1 "A bishop is generally valued as being worth 3 pawns.":
   1 "A Fork is therefore a Double    Attack.":
   1 "8. Checkmate can occur at any      time during a game, even        during the opening.":
   1 "7. There must be a threat to       gain material, or some other    real advantage.":
   1 "7. Checkmate can occur anywhere    on the board. It is often       easier to force checkmate at    the edge of the board, where    the king has fewer escape       squares."
   1 "6. The defending side must not     be able to capture or           exchange the forking piece.":
   1 "6. Checkmate can be given with     a capture."
   1 "5. The defending side must not     be able to launch a strong      counterattack."
   1 "5. Any piece or pawn except the    king can give checkmate.":
   1 "4. In skewering, the attacking     side threatens immediate gain   and thus immediate effect.":
   1 "4. Checkmate takes place one       move before the king is         actually captured."
   1 "4 Skewer":
   1 "3. The player who gives            checkmate wins the game."
   1 "3. The attacking man skewers the   enemy man through another man"
   1 "3. A fork combined with giving     check is especially dangerous   to your opponent, as he must    remove the threat to the king   and can't therefore protect     the other man.":
   1 "3 Discovered Attack":
   1 "2. When checkmate occurs, the      game is ended."
   1 "2. Turn the cassette over.":
   1 "2. The defending side must parry   the check. There is no option   to capture either the moving    or the unveiled man."
   1 "2. Only a bishop, rook, or queen   can perform a skewer."
   1 "2. If possible the fork should     be made by a man of lesser      value than those being forked":
   1 "2 Forks":
   1 "1. The object of the game is to    checkmate your opponent."
   1 "1. The enemy pieces being forked   should either be undefended     or inadequately guarded, and    therefore weak.":
   1 "1. The Part you require is the ":
   1 "1. Effectively gives the           attacking side 2 consecutive    moves with the unmasking        (moving) piece."
   1 "1. A skewer is a form of double    attack, similar to a pin."
   1 "(or 0 to exit)":
   1 "(Enter 0 to stop)":
   1 "( ";x$(o);" solutions)":
   1 "& press ENTER":
   1 " program on ";:
   1 " 5. The King is able to capture,    but only if the piece he is     capturing is not itself         defended by another piece."
   1 " 4.She always moves in straight    lines.":
   1 " 4. The squares between the King    and the Rook must be            unoccupied by other pieces."
   1 " 4. The capturing pawn moves        diagonally forward one          square, as if the captured      pawn had only advanced one      square on it's first move.":
   1 " 4. The King is a piece, and can    move backwards as well as       forwards."
   1 " 3.She may capture any enemy       piece, but if she meets a man   of her own colour, she must     stop."
   1 " 3.It may capture any enemy        piece, but if it meets a man    of it's own colour, it must     stop."
   1 " 3.He may capture any enemy        piece as previously shown,      but if he meets a man of his    own colour, he must stop."
   1 " 3. There is no limit to the        number of promoted pieces       you can have on the board."
   1 " 3. The one exception to Rule 2     is when the King castles. In    this case, he moves more        than one square, but he may     still not move into Check.":
   1 " 3. If a knight is giving check,    it is not possible to use       the defence of interposing      another piece."
   1 " 2.She cannot jump over any        piece.":
   1 " 2.It cannot jump over any         piece (unless it is castling    with the King).":
   1 " 2.He cannot jump over any piece":
   1 " 2. The promotion is played as      part of the same move in        which the pawn reaches the      back rank."
   1 " 2. The captured pawn must be on    a file next to the capturing    pawn, and must have moved       forward two squares on it's     first move."
   1 " 1.A Rook may only move straight   along ranks or files.":
   1 " 1.A Queen can move backwards or   forwards":
   1 " 1.A Bishop may only move          diagonally.":
   1 " 1. The attacked king must move     out of check."
   1 " 1. Promotion is compulsory."
   1 " 1. If you are put into check,      your next move MUST get your    king out of check."
   1 " 1. Each player has only one        King throughout the game."
   1 " 1. Castling is the only move in    which the King can move more    than one square."
   1 " ";v;". c5-";q$(2
   1 "  At the point of Checkmate,    the game is over, so the King isnever actually captured."
   1 "   minutes while the program       loads."
   1 "   In the example you saw, the     White pawn moved once to        expose the check on the         king, then again to attack      the rook."
   1 "     side of the cassette tape."
   1 "      LOADING INSTRUCTIONS":
   1  Braveline ltd. MCMLXXXIII":